Essay --

Prof. D. Wallace Kristian Papa Final Essay – 1 William Wells Brown & Frederick Douglass During the beginning of XVII century slaves narratives started to take another meaning. They were no longer writing just about their sufferings and how bad were their mistress. At this period we notice that famous narrative writers such as, Frederic Douglas and William Wells Brown, were focusing their writings on the importance of literacy. Their narratives are important for the fact that, now they want to make slaves to reflect about their situation. Later we are going to see how both of them, in a way, connect literacy with freedom. â€Å"Once you learn to read, you will be forever free.†(Douglass, ***) This was the importance that Douglass gave to literacy. He thinks that now it’s the time when slaves should react. He sees as no other way to save their souls and lives, but to stand against their slaveholders for their rights. He reminds them that: â€Å"I prayed for freedom for twenty years, but received no answer until I prayed with my legs† and â€Å"Without a struggle, there can be no progress.† (Douglass, ***) Adding this thoughts and actions to his narrative he prays also for the other slaves, so they will find the force to escape as Douglass did. We can see this call for freedom that should come from within the slave society, also in Wells Brown. "The last struggle for our rights, the battle for our civilization, is entirely with ourselves." (William Wells Brown, ***) The same as Douglass he points out that the problem is no more in the white society. The problem is that slaves are doing nothing to help themselves. On Wells Brown writing we can see also the fear that he feels when he argues that his people, along with their nation, are losi... ...nterpret Douglass stamen as a fear that whites felt. They felt fear from literacy. Somehow they see literacy as the rising of slaves and the ruining of whites. They saw literacy as the bridge that was destroyed from slave-owners in order to fit slaves in that category. They were afraid that literacy will bring freedom to slaves. In conclusion I would like mention the importance of literacy. We have seen that, that period, literacy was important in different ways. Literacy helped slaves to show to the world their sufferings, mistreatment and how they rights were taken away. Through their narratives they were able to start the â€Å"Abolitionist move† that was against slavery. Literacy, helped also in the conquest of slaves freedom. Through literacy they understood their rights and they saw that the gap that separated slaves form a free man was exactly, Literacy.

Adult Development and Substance Abuse

This research paper has been compiled through comprehensive collection of information from five different sources.   The area of substance abuse and its impact on the development progress of an individual has been explored.   This covers the range of personal capacity from social to economic spheres.Serious effects have especially been observed at the work place where by unlike the great need of talent competency required by the advance in technology and globalization, substance abuse is pushy behind the role of individuals in the economy.IntroductionThe substances in question are used for recreation purposes in some instances and for medical purposes in some other instances.   The moderate uses of some of the substances are therefore beneficial to the user while some should never be used at all.Continued and the over usage of these substances consequently becomes dangerous to the health of the user and consequent performance capacity of the user.   Examples of the substance in question with respect to this paper include â€Å"marijuana, hashish cocain or crack, sedatives, tranquillizers, stimulators, analgesics, tobacco†, among others (Finn & Hall, 2004, 34).The abuse in question refers to the use of those substances in the following ways:-Not for medical use, meaning when the user of the substance uses a substance with medical use, but against the purposes; on a personal prescription and without the doctor’s prescription.   The substance may also be used in prescription that are higher than what the doctor has prescribed in terms of quantities or frequencies (Frone, 2006).Effects of substance AbuseWhen a substance is wrongfully used in a way such as the one described above here, the substance becomes illicit whose effects includes impairment which has been found to occur frequently.   In the process of substance use and impairment, gender has been proven to play a vital role.   As regards gender men have been proven to be victims o f abuse and impairment more than women.   Women are only victims in most of the circumstances when there is a secondary factor leading to substance abuse.   Race does not play any factor in drugs abuse.   Education and age are very significant factors of abuse having been proven to posses an inverse variation.The â€Å"executive cognitive functioning of the individual and executive cognitive impairment is related to substance abuse† (Frone, 2006, 89).  Ã‚     The most prominent effects of substance abuse is exhibited in individual in the form of â€Å"anti-social characteristics and social deviance which are expressed in the form of anger, depression temperament, antisocial personality, conduct problems† among others (Frone, 2006, 89).Substance abuse has been observed to be promoted by the individual’s high levels of tendencies to respond to rewards and extremely low levels of tendencies to respond to punishments while disregarding social norms.   Th e abuser of the substance tends to be attracted to the salient more current and instant rewards and ignore the less salient future concurrent effects (Gallop, Crits- Christoph, Ten Have, Frank, Griffin & Thase, 2007).With regards to alcohol abuse excessive drinking is out of excitement associated with the habit.   The drinker imagines that pleasure is derived when poisoned by alcohol.   Alcohol problems tend to be principle causes of social deviance rather than alcohol use.   To become excited alcohol use is more prevalent than alcohol abuse (Gallop, Crits- Christoph, Ten Have, Frank, Griffin & Thase, 2007).Time is also important when it comes to alcohol abuse.   The responsibilities expected of an individual are interfered with when alcohol is taken at the wrong time.   Heavy alcohol intakes are bound to create alcohol problems.   The use of alcohol to excessive extremes affects the individuals self control.   Peer groups are also very influential towards the bad beha viors of alcohol abuse (Jackson, O’Neill & Sher, 2006).History of the family with respect to alcoholism also plays a significant part in areas of measures of seeking for excitement, Social deviance, alcohol related problems and reduced   fluency in speech expression.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The intelligence quotient of the alcohol abuser is also drastically lowered.   The health of the affected person deteriorates, the levels of productivity decreases and the safety of the respective person is greatly undermined (Finn & Hall, 2004).The current global economic position requires people to be effectively competent in their respective talents.   This goal is defeated by the abuse of these substances.   The substance when abused poisons the user and this is intoxication.  Ã‚   The abuse has some adverse negative effects on the functioning of the brain of the affected individual which is impaired.   The impairment brings about some absurd behaviors and some changes in the indiv idual.As the individual develop the habit of use of a substance, the body system devises some tolerance to the effects of the substance in which case the individual adapts to the use of the substance.   The body is in a position to cope with some specific doses of a substance.   The use of the substance beyond this adapted dose is tantamount to the abuse of the substance.The abuse is specifically detrimental to the workers who extend the impairment to their workplace. In the work place, the quality of work is negatively affected by substance abuse.The environment at work develops adverse physical and psychological attributes as a result of illicit drugs by employees (Wiesner, Windle, & Freeman, 2005). The abuse of drugs is bound to generate stress at work.   The extended use of illicit drugs in turn is responsible for very poor productivity levels at the work place.The personality of the individual is also adversely affected, with the individual acquiring some personality trai ts which are guided by the specific type of substance dependence.The personality traits exhibit some similar characteristics across substances that are usually abused High degrees of negative emotionality are directly related to alcohol use disorders, â€Å"high extraversion and low levels of conscientiousness† (Grekin, Sher & Wood, 2006, 79).On the other hand the extended use of cannabis sativa creates some â€Å"low extra versions on one hand and a high degree of openness to experience on the other hand† (Grekin, Sher & Wood, 2006, 77).     Ã‚  The personality of any individual has some positive correlation with the antisocial behavior and the abuse disorder associated with the use of a specific drug.There exists a significant association of personality and substance dependence and the ability to control behavior of negative consequence to the society.   The most affected group in the society by substance abuse ranges from adolescence to the early adulthood, an d a single behavior factor is very influential towards alcohol dependence, dependence on drug and the ‘antisocial personality disorder which is externalizing in nature’ (Frone, 2006,198).The abuse of these substances have been observed to yield such bad behaviors as skipping school, running away from homes, cases of shoplifting, thefts, at work, all these being considered to as deviant and aberrant behaviors.   These behaviors have been mostly observed in men more than in women, and therefore  Ã‚   gender is very significant in novelty seeking and substance abuse.The abuse all result to depression which in turn results to job stress and poor productivity.   This creates some high degrees of boredom at the job, the variety of skills deteriorates, and autonomy becomes significantly low.   There has been reported a linear corelatiship between binge drinking and the job stress, also the abuse of drugs and heavy drug use are positively correlated with stresses at the job (Jackson, O’Neill & Sher, 2006).This in turn results to psychological problems at the work place which is a contributor to risky health environment which is a result of† aversive work conditions† (Frone, 2006, 123).  Ã‚  Ã‚     Some of these conditions include noxious environments, insecurity in the job, being treated in an unfair manner, poor pay lack of benefits and promotions in the work among others.   All these become dangerous work conditions.In conclusion, the substance use Disorders have therefore been seen to have negative affectivity.   Some personality traits have also been found to be differentially correlated to the dependence symptoms associated with the use of alcohol, drugs and tobacco.With respect to abstinence from the abuse of these substances, gender has also been found to be very significant with men being found to have higher oscillations between use and abstinence as compared to women.  Ã‚     Time required for the transitio n between substance abuse and abstinence is very important as the transition cannot be achieved overnight.   This is quite important since the process goes through relapse to recovery.ReferencesEmily R. Grekin, Kenneth J. Sher, and Phillip K. Wood (2006), Psychology of Addictive Behaviors: Personality and Substance Dependence Symptoms, Vol. 20, No. 4, 415–424Kristina M. Jackson, Susan E. O’Neill, and Kenneth J. Sher (2006), Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology: Characterizing Alcohol Dependence, Vol. 14, No. 2, 228–244Margit Wiesner, Michael Windle, and Amy Freeman (2005) ,Journal of Occupation Health Psychology: Work Stress, Substance Use and Depression Among Youth Adult Workers, Vol. 10 No.2, 83-96)Michael R. Frone (2006), Journal of Applied Psychology: Prevalence and Distribution of Illicit Drug Use in the Workforce and in the Workplace, Vol. 91, No. 4, 856–869.Peter R. Finn and Julie Hall (2004), Journal of Abnormal Psychology: Cognitive Abi lity and Risk for Alcoholism, Vol. 113, No. 4, 569–581.Robert J. Gallop,Paul Crits-Christoph, Thomas R. Ten Have, Jacques P. Barber Arlene Frank, Margaret L. Griffin, Michael E. Thase (2007), Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology: Differential Transitions Between Cocaine Use and Abstinence for Men and Women, Vol. 75 No 1,95 -103.

Atomic Bomb On Hiroshima And Nagasaki Essay - 1902 Words

In early August of 1945, the world was at war for almost 6 years. August 6th, 1945 the United States dropped the atomic bomb on Hiroshima and three days later dropped another on Nagasaki. This was a significate point in history because there has never been a bomb of this magnitude being use in an urban industrial area. Ultimately the use of the atomic bomb resulted in Japan’s surrender, which aided the allies in drawing closer to ending the war against the Axis Powers. Due to the massive destruction industrially and urbanely the use of the atomic bomb has always been questioned. Overall, there has always been a debate whether or not the act of dropping the atomic bomb on Hiroshima and Nagasaki justifiable due so the fact that it killed so many citizens of Japan. In order to understand this difficult topic, one must look at the subject at hand from two difference perspectives of considering the act of using the atomic bomb unjustifiable and a war crime and claims that the atomi c bomb was a necessary act while fighting since the world was at war. There are several authors that claim that the bombing of was uncalled for and completely unnecessary. Those authors are Hitoshi Nagai, who is one of the most influential Japanese philosophers and in addition, teaches philosophy at Nihon University. Additionally, there is Samuel J. Walker a Former historian of the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission. Furthermore, there is William J Beshears who was a writer for The Atlanta Journal –Show MoreRelatedAtomic Bombs On Hiroshima And Nagasaki844 Words   |  4 Pagesdropped atomic bombs over the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki killing nearly 200,000 people. This resulted in Japans surrender in World War II. J. Samuel Walker analyzes this historical event in his book Prompt and Utter Destruction: Truman and the Use of Atomic Bombs. Over the past 70 years’ extensive research has been conducted and there is an understanding that Truman’s decisi on to drop the atomic bombs is inconclusive. It is impossible to determine that the use of the bomb was the quickestRead MoreThe Atomic Bomb Of Hiroshima And Nagasaki1302 Words   |  6 PagesAllies almost one week after being hit with two atomic bombs. On August 6, 1945 during World War II an American B-29 bomber dropped the world s first deployed atomic bomb over the Japanese city Hiroshima, wiping out 90 percent of the city and killing 80,000 people immediately. Three days later a second B-29 dropped another atomic bomb on the Japanese city Nagasaki, killing around 40,000 people. (The Bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki) The Hiroshima/Nagasaki bombings were necessary because it played aRead MoreThe Atomic Bomb Of Hiroshima And Nagasaki884 Words   |  4 PagesFearful cries spread through the cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki as the atomic bombs were dropped. Thousands of people were killed instantly, with the rest left critically injured. Eventually, it was measured that 135,000 p eople were killed as a result of these bombs. We know that many people were killed. But how and why were the atomic bombs created? Who decided to use them? These questions all contribute to the fact that the atomic bombs impacted the world greatly. It all started when WorldRead MoreThe Atomic Bomb On Hiroshima And Nagasaki Essay1776 Words   |  8 PagesThe use of the atomic bomb on Hiroshima and Nagasaki at the end of World War II was a controversial decision that was made by President Truman. On August 6, 1945, President Truman decided to drop the atomic bomb on the Japanese city of Hiroshima and three days later a second atomic bomb on Nagasaki. It brought an end to the bloody war in the Pacific after 4 years. Making Japan surrender in the face of unimaginable force and significant destruction on Japan’s soil. Nevertheless, Truman’s decisionRead MoreThe Atomic Bomb Of Hiroshima And Nagasaki1515 Words   |  7 PagesResearch Question: Was it necessary for President Truman to drop the atomic bomb in Japan? Was it necessary for Truman to drop the Atomic Bombs on Japan in World War II? On August 6, 1945, the first atomic bomb was dropped by a US aircraft on Hiroshima. This atomic bomb was dropped to force Japan into surrender, this bomb alone destroyed Hiroshima and over 90,000 people were instantly killed in the explosion and an additional 100,000 people perished from burns and radiation sickness. Japan refusedRead MoreThe Atomic Bombs On Hiroshima And Nagasaki1764 Words   |  8 Pagesmake the decision to drop the bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki however, President Truman was ultimately the man who made the final decision to launch ‘Little Boy’ and destroy Hiroshima, Nagasaki and their civilians, thus forcing an end to the war. Although there were many alternatives presented to President Truman, it is unknown as to whether they would have actually succeeded in ending the war or producing less casualties. Truman made the decision to drop these bombs in the heat of war but h is justificationRead MoreThe Atomic Bomb Of Hiroshima And Nagasaki1364 Words   |  6 PagesOn the 6th of August 1945 America dropped the atomic bomb by the name of ‘Little Boy’ dropped by the plane ‘Enola Gay’ on the Japanese city, Hiroshima. Three days later on the 9th of August America dropped another bombed called, ‘Fat Man’ on the Japanese city of Nagasaki. A surrender was received and accepted by America on the 15th of August and the war against Japan had ended. Harry S. Truman, the man responsible for dropping the bombs claims it ended the war more efficiently and was in fact theRead MoreThe Atomic Bomb Of Hiroshima And Nagasaki Essay1570 Words   |  7 PagesDespite the extreme devastation, the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki were necessary. The atomic bomb is a weapon unmatched in warfare, rapidly releasing nuclear energy by fission of atomic nuclei. Desperate times call for desperate measures, which is why America chose to unleash its most deadly weapon, the atomic bomb, on Japan. America, who had already fought in World War II for over four years, had no desire to perpetuate the war. When Japan refused to surrender, America was leftRead MoreAtomic Bombs On Hiroshima And Nagasaki1074 Words   |  5 PagesThere are many different ways in which WWII could have ended. Rather than taking the risk of dropping atomic bombs on Japan, many people believe that one of the alternative options would have been much more sensible. The variety of possible options the U.S. could have taken to finish the war have been analyzed for years. Though Truman’s decision to drop the atomic bombs over Hiroshima and Nagasaki is one of the most controversial and debated topics in history, this researcher believes that he madeRead MoreThe Atomic Bomb On Hiroshima And Nagasaki1998 Words   |  8 Pagesto drop the atomic bomb on Hiroshima and Nagasaki? Joon Jung 2/21/16 Word Count: 1848 Section A: Identification and Evaluation of Sources Research Question: Was it necessary for President Truman to drop the atomic bomb on Hiroshima and Nagasaki? Was it necessary for Truman to drop the Atomic Bombs on Japan in World War II? On August 6, 1945, the first atomic bomb was dropped by a US aircraft on Hiroshima. This atomic bomb was dropped to force Japan into surrender, this bomb alone destroyed

The Role Of Different Projects Management Techniques

ABSTRACT: The role of different project management techniques Is to implement projects successfully has been widely established in areas such as the planning and control of time, cost and quality. In spite of this the distinction between the project and project management is less than precise. This paper aims to identify the overlap between the definition of the project and project management and to discuss how the confusion between the two may affect their relationship. It identifies the different individuals involved on the project and project management, together with their objectives, expectations and influences. It demonstrates how a better appreciation of the distinction between the two will bring a higher possibility of project†¦show more content†¦the Thames Barrier, the Fulmar North Sea oil project or Concorde, all of which turned out to be relative successes, even though the project control aspect of them failed. It can therefore be argued that the relationship between the t wo is less dependent than was first assumed, and in order to measure project success a distinction should be made between the success of a project and the success of the project management activity. This paper attempts to provide a logic for the distinction between project management and the project. Starting from a definition of the two terms, it will outline the factors which affect their success, the individuals involved and their respective orientations and the relationship between these elements. It also discusses the implications of the situation where the project fails but the project management process is perceived to have succeeded or vice versa. Project success or failure: The definition of a project has suggested that there is an orientation towards higher and long-term goals. Important parameters within the goals will be return on investment, profitability, competition and market ability. A range of variables and factors will affect the ability to achieve these goals, which have been identified by various authors. The following list has been derived from the writings of Cash and Fox 4, Baker et al.5 6, Kerzner 3, Wit 2 and KumarT:

Free Rider Problem Essay - 1128 Words

The Free Rider Problem The free rider issue has become one of the most serious economic issues today. The free rider is a lazy type person who wants the benefits that others bring in without having to do the work. The free rider typically takes advantage of a public good. Living in a civilized society presents many opportunities for free riding, which we have yet to find a way to control. Economists regard the possibility for free riding as a problem for the free market, which usually leads to government intervention. Government intervention is not generally needed in a free market society but in this case if there were no government intervention this problem would not find a solution. The free-rider issue is often seen as a†¦show more content†¦The free rider wants anything he can get for free and will think nothing of it if he can get away with it. Free riders take advantage of public goods without having to contribute to them. For example, if society decides to encourage people to use les s of a product and many people actually respond to this call, the products market will improve. Although the free rider may continue using this product, he will benefit. This creates a tremendous problem for activists who attempt to start a movement to improve the environment. Many people, seeing no incentive to join personally in the movement, just continue behaving the way they did before and yet reap the benefits of other peoples work. When everyone acts as a free rider, no benefit at all will come from the proposed action. Because it is in everyones personal interest not to participate in the collective movement, the movement is highly vulnerable to failure. Though society as a whole may try to conserve a resource, the free rider can easily take advantage of this by not participating in the conservation effort. Those who believe in the concept of the free rider and the problems such people create might advocate government policy to require everyone to take part in efforts to improve the environment. Such people might contend that government action is the only fair and reliable way to prevent environmental problems. David Hume recognized the free-rider problemShow MoreRelated Free Rider Problem Essay1137 Words   |  5 PagesThe Free Rider Problem nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The free rider issue has become one of the most serious economic issues today. The free rider is a lazy type person who wants the benefits that others bring in without having to do the work. The free rider typically takes advantage of a public good. Living in a civilized society presents many opportunities for free riding, which we have yet to find a way to control. Economists regard the possibility for free riding as a problem for the free marketRead MoreRelation Between Relation And Social Capital Of The Act Of Reciprocation )1448 Words   |  6 Pagesthey reciprocate by helping one another to gain confidence. Romantic relationships contain many examples of risk reduction reciprocity, but there is also potential for free riding. For example, free riders could be cheaters, lovers that don’t reciprocate affection, partners that desire lust over love, etc†¦, and with these free riders the risk reduction reciprocity is either ended because the rela tionship has ended or due to causing an increase in cost and risk for the other person and themselves throughRead MoreThe Risk Reduction Reciprocity Model1435 Words   |  6 Pagesmodel to explain the formation of certain romantic relationships and friendships. Marshall Sahlins (1972) describes three forms of reciprocity. These definitions that he has laid out will be beneficial in understanding risk reduction reciprocity and free riding, which will be later covered in research that will be presented later. The first type of reciprocity Sahlins (1972) describes is to as â€Å"transactions that are putatively altruistic on the line of assistance given and, if possible and necessaryRead MorePublic Goods Have Two Distinct Aspects : Nonexcludability And Nonrivalrous Consumption828 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"To the extent one person in a geographic area is defended from foreign attack or invasion, other people in that same area are likely defended also. This makes it hard to charge people for defense, which means that defense faces the classic free-rider problem. Indeed, almost all economists are convinced that the only way to provide a sufficient level of defense is to have government do it and fund defense with taxes.† Public good vs private good. A private good in comparison is a competitor and excludableRead MoreAnalysis of The Logic of Collective Action Public Goods and The Theory of Groups by Mancur Olson745 Words   |  3 PagesTheory of Groups by Mancur Olson Mancur Olson, wrote The Logic of Collective Action Public Goods and The Theory of Groups, throughout the book Olson discusses such topics rationality, group size and group behaviour, public goods, free rider, collective action problem, and selective incentives. Olson’s world-renowned book is full of useful knowledge and opinion concerning world politics. After reading this valuable text I feel both enlightened and baffled concurrently. Olson’s beliefs in the politicalRead MoreEconomics in the United Methodist Church776 Words   |  3 Pagespossibly improve their situation. The problems include people treating the church as a free rider program, the church being used as a common pool resource, and people acting so that the church becomes a tragedy of the commons. Near the end, a solution will be offered, and it will be explored whether this solution lines up with the church in a normative manner. The first problem (of many) that churches sometimes face is that of a free rider problem. A free rider problem is defined by Princeton as â€Å"thoseRead MoreThe Burden Sharing Behavior Of Gulf Cooperation Council ( Gcc )1578 Words   |  7 Pagesmembers. In accordance with the logic of collective action, I tested the hypothesis that small alliance members will be free riders. I show that the Vector Auto Regression (VAR) model captures the dynamic feature of GCC’s behavior. The findings show non-cooperative behavior among GCC members concerning their level of military burden towards Iran, and small members of GCC who are free riders on the military burden of others. The Arabian Gulf represents an important region for global and regional powersRead MoreOrganizational Architecture And Corporate Culture1799 Words   |  8 Pageschoices concerning product innovations in the company. He finds that he is overworked and that several of his research scientists seem to be spending work hours playing tennis. What is going on? Specifically, Billy Riggan is experiencing a â€Å"free-rider† problem with his fellow research scientists. Moreover, Billy is dealing with a sense of responsibility due to the fact that he is the one in charge of making the choices on product innovations and technological developments. However, the other researchRead MoreDeforestation Is Infrastructure Expansion ( Geist Lambin ) Essay1374 Words   |  6 Pagesillegal extracting activities are especially problematic because they allow for further abuse and destruction to this environment. International development agencies and corporations, such as the World Bank, must also be looked as actors to this problem. They have contributed millions of dollars â€Å"into dams, highways, power development, and transmigration schemes† (Speth Haas, 2006, 31). These organizations encourage foreign investments to be taken place so as to expand extraction operations (SpethRead MoreWhat Solutions Are Possible to the Free Rider Problem, Both Inside and Outside of Government2176 Words   |  9 Pagestotal return. They include government, corporate, mortgage backed, and Yankee bonds with maturity over a year. 16-26 Passive Bond Management (Continued) – They are not easy to replicate however: †¢ There are more than 5000 securities. †¢ Rebalancing problems †¢ Immunization – Banks and pension funds in general try to protect their portfolios from interest rate risk altogether. – Banks try to protect the current net worth (net market value) of the firm against interest rate fluctuations. – Pension funds

Mini Case free essay sample

Deals-R-Us Brokers (Part 1) Fred Jones, a distant relative of yours and president of Deals-R-Us Brokers (DRUB), has come to you for advice. DRUB is a small brokerage house that enables its clients to buy and sell stocks over the Internet, as well as place traditional orders by phone or fax. DRUB has just decided to offer a set of stock analysis tools that will help its clients more easily pick winning stocks, or so Fred tells you. Fred’s information systems department has presented him with two alternatives for developing the new tools. The first alternative will have a special tool developed in C++ that clients will download onto their computers to run. The tool will communicate with the DRUB server to select data to analyze. The second alternative will have the C++ program running on the server, the client will use his or her browser to interact with the server. We will write a custom essay sample on Mini Case or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page a. Classify the two alternatives in terms of what type of application architecture they use. b. Outline the pros and cons of the two alternatives and make a recommendation to Fred about which is better. Mini Case 1 Solution The second alternative will use the host-based architecture. Using this alternative, the server will do all the work. Because of this, the server will become very slow in processing those requests as more users are sending them. It cost a lot of money to upgrade those mainframes. The first alternative will use the client-server application architecture. In this case, the server and the client computer will share the workload. The server will be able to respond to many users’ requests without any slowness. This is the best option Fred needs to use for his business.

Competitive Strategy for Food Industry- MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theCompetitive Strategy for Food Industry. Answer: Food/ Beverage industry Coca Cola Coca Cola has been one of the famous food and beverage industry for the past two decades. The company has earned huge reputation in the field. The AAA framework has been effective from the point of view of the company. Adaptation This strategy actually helps the company to adapt the location of the business in order to make the business successful (Morekar, 2011). Coca Cola mainly targets to grab the entire food and beverage market wherever it sets itself to do business. It is obvious that the company must be used to with the environment of the place. They must understand the demand and needs of the customers in order to satisfy them. The items which are famous in the local ambience, the company must put all its concentration to keep enough supply of that particular product. Adaptation is actually divided into five parameters where each of the parameter defines the actual activities of the company. The first parameter is Variation in which the company must keep varieties of products in order to satisfy large scale of the customers. The second parameter is Focus where the company must set its target audience and keep all its focus on those customers. Third parameter as in Externalization says about networking and franchising where the products and the company must build up strong relationship with the demands of the customers. Design is the fourth parameter which says about the outlook of the company and its way of presentation. It actually the parameter through which the customer are attracted towards the company. Last parameter is Innovation where the business must generate innovative ideas in order to make the organization more creative (Mayer et al., 2012). Aggregation Aggregation strategy actually seeks to achieve economic scope by creating global efficiencies. It means the company and the employees of the company increase their efficiency in order to be perfect for the market scenario. The standard of the products are increased while maintaining the value internationally (Sarlak and Hastiani, 2011). The costs of producing the products are brought down in order to make more profits from the market. There are some global organizations like Coca Cola who have followed the aggregation instead of adaptation just to lower the cost of productivity. They have taken the raw materials from those places where labor charge and material costs are less. This is what people actually term as aggregation. Coca Cola have been aware of this strategy and have used this strategy in many parts of the business. Aggregation is all about bridging or connecting different market (Lemmerer and Menrad, 2015). Arbitrage This strategy neither follows to link up different market or it doesnt adapt the market. It simply focuses on the market and tries to maintain the standard of the products by comparing the specifications of the product with other products in the market. One can simply buy a product from a place where the price of the product is less (Schultz and Cohen, 2010). After buying the product it can be sold to some other places where the customers are ready to pay more for the product. This scenario actually needs to be defined by four parameters. Cultural parameter says about the cultural part of the country which can affect the business in many ways. Administrative parameter says about the taxes, regulations and securities of the business. The third parameter is the geographic parameter where distances and climate differences can affect the business in many ways. The fourth parameter is the most crucial one and that is economic (Schultz and Cohen, 2010). The economy of a particular country can take the business to a different level if it supports the scenario of the business. Keeping all the parameters in mind a business can easily follow arbitrage strategy in order increase the span of the business. Cadbury Another company in Food and Beverage industry is Cadbury which has earned its reputation in the field of producing quality chocolates and many other food items. Adaptation It is also the same strategy as the previous one. There are multiple companies in the field who produces chocolates and those companies are famous in different region of the world. It is o because those companies are able to fulfill the demand of the customer of particular region. Cadbury also have adapted the demand and criteria of the customers in different parts of the world and that is why the company is in the primary chocolate producing company list. The five parameters of variation, focus, externalization, design and innovation can be implemented as the terms mean. With the varieties in the products, perfect communication with the customers, attractive design to attract the customers and innovative ideas can help Cadbury to adapt the market scenario in a perfect way (Seo, 2016). Aggregation There are different market scenarios in the field of business and the companies must connect all the scenarios in a same place for the betterment of the organization. It can be said that sometimes companies like Cadbury prefers aggregation strategy over adaptation strategy to be more effective and unique in the field. Aggregation strategy actually suggests company to buy raw materials from the low cost market to make the productivity more profitable (Ayub and Patel, 2011). This strategy actually guides the company to increase the scope of economy by increasing the efficiency of the employees and the performance of the organization. Arbitrage This strategy neither concentrates on adaption nor does it concentrate on aggregation. It is actually the way to create the global value by exploiting the different parts of the market. There is a say that many companies have followed this strategy and have decided to buy materials from lower price places and have sold them in those places where the prices of the products are high. The cultural, Administrative, Geographic and Economic parameters are very crucial in this part of strategy. Every single of the above mentioned parameters can help Cadbury to build a good platform of business in different parts of the world. The companies actually have to find the demands for the products by which they will be able to serve the customers with the desired products (Borrowing costs, 2009). ICT Industry Apple Inc This industry is mainly known as the information communications technology industry where there are several companies. The most common and worldwide accepted company is Apple Inc. Adaptation Adaptation in this case can be described concerning the technologies of a particular country in which the company is going to set its business. In the field of information communication technology Apple Inc has earned enough reputation while connecting the customers through their technologies. The needs and demands of the customer can be reached through the specification the phones give and this is called adaptation (Andreou, 2012). There are five parameters of adaptation through which the company can adapt the market scenario in order to reach the demands of the customers. Variation is the first parameter where the company must make variety of products to satisfy different customers in the market. Focusing on the market scenario and the target customers is the second parameter of adaptation that helps the company in an effective way. Externalization helps company to be connected with various customers in the field and it is considered as the third parameter in the field. The outlook of the products and the companys outlet can be termed as the fourth parameter. This parameter is known as design parameter. The importance of this parameter is that it attracts the customers by it presentation. Last but not the least innovation which is considered as the fifth parameter of adaptation and help the business to carry out innovative ideas for the sake of the company (Chiang et al., 2011). Aggregation This strategy actually helps the employees of the company to increase their efficiency in the field. There are many situations in the market field where Apple Inc have chosen aggregation strategy over adaptation (Seong-Goo Ji, 2014). The main effectiveness of this strategy is that it can lower the cost to buy raw materials from the market. It actually helps the productivity cost to be decreased and profit to be increased. Aggregation strategy can help the business to understand the economic scale and spread the business in an effective way. Arbitrage Arbitrage strategy neither does deal with adapting the market scenario nor does it deal with the efficiency of the employees in the organization. The main motto of the company is exploiting the market in order to increase the value of the company globally. It is obvious that in many stages Apple Inc have followed this strategy in order to buy the raw materials for the productivity. This strategy actually tells to buy products from low cost market and sell those products in high cost market. There are four parameter of the strategy through which the strategy can understood easily. The cultural parameter helps the company to know about the ethics and cultures of the customer of a particular country that helps the company to make the business strategy more effective. Administrative strategy tells the company to be aware about the rules and regulations of the market place or the country (HURD, 2012). Geographic parameter helps a particular company to know about the geographic location of the customer which helps the company to know about the demands and ongoing trends in a particular locality or area. Economic parameter says about the economic condition of the country that affects the company effectively. Apple Inc has always kept these parameters in mind and that is why the company has been successful in the business field. Samsung Samsung is another company in ICT field which also have been effective in the field just after Apple Inc. Adaptation The company has been maintaining the position just after Apple Inc and the company serves their products to all the customers in different level of the society. This is called adaptation that is maintained by Samsung in an effective way. The company actually focuses on different level of the customers and makes their products for every single customer in the field. Keeping the financial condition of the customers in mind the company creates variety of products for all level customers. The Variation parameter is maintained by this company most effectively (Lim, 2010). The variety in products and focusing all the customers in the market has made the company famous among all types of customers. Externalization, design and innovation are the rest of the parameters where Samsung have reached effectively. Aggregation In order to be effective in the market it is obvious that the company have to become aware about the economic scales. It actually increases the efficiency of the employees in the company which helps the company to make their strategies more effectively. The raw materials in this strategy are bought from the low cost market which increases the profit and productivity of the company(Tanuku, 2009). This strategy actually connects every segment of the market all together in order to make the company understand about marketplaces. Samsung have chosen this strategy in place of adaptation in many cases. Arbitrage This is a total different strategy that does not care about being connected in the market segment or adapting the market scenario. It cares about raising the standard of the company to international level so that the company is able to make international business effectively. The main effectiveness of this strategy is to buy products from low cost market and sell them in high cost market to make more profit. There are four parameter of the strategy through which Samsung can be effective in the field. The cultural parameter helps the company to understand about the culture of the customers and based on which they build their strategies. Administrative strategy helps the company to understand about the rules and regulations of the marketplace and country (Standing, 2011). 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