Criticism on the Novel Essay

Nature setting are explicit Page 30: â€Å"When I was about fifteen years old we had retired to our house near Belrive, when we witnessed a most violent and terrible thunderstorm. It advanced from behind the mountains of Jura, and the thunder burst at once with frightful loudness from various quarters of the heavens. I remained with curiosity and delight. As I stood at the door, on a beautiful oak which stood about twenty yards from our house; and so soon as the dazzling light vanished, the oak had disappeared, and nothing remained but a blasted stump. [†¦] It was not splintered from the shock, but entirely reduced to thin ribbons of wood.† Foreshadowing?: power of electricity sparks his attention, if it can destroy something so quickly, why can’t it bring dead flesh to life? Scientific descriptions lack important information Page 48: â€Å"It was already one in the morning; the rain pattered dismally against the panes, and my candle was nearly burnt out, when, by the glimmer of the half-extinguished light, I saw the dull yellow eye of the creature open; it breathed hard, and a convulsive motion agitated its limbs.† We see how she was a poet in this quote: she gives more descriptions of the surroundings than the scientific aspect of which many people long for. Obviously shows the lack of knowledge displayed by Mary Shelly. Countries are â€Å"close together† Shows once again how much knowledge Mary Shelly had regarding geography. It sparks attention when she says that it takes longer to go from Geneva to Ingolstadt (a total of 413.6 miles) than it is to go to England. Monster has superhuman abilities yet he is made from human parts Page 70: â€Å"I thought of pursuing the devil, but it would have been in vain, for another flash discovered him to me hanging among the rocks of the nearly perpendicular ascent of Mont Saleve, a hill that bounds Plainpalais on the south. He soon reached the summit and disappeared.† Stereotyping of the Turkish and Irish people If Frankenstein had already created a monster, why did he need help from some other scientists for the creation of another monster? Page 153: â€Å"I found that I could not compose a female without again devoting several months to profound study and laborious disquisition. I had heard of some discoveries having been made by an English philosopher, he knowledge of which was material to my success [†¦]† The Monster tells Frankenstein how he’s survived mobs throwing rocks and several other projectiles and such, yet Frankenstein never stops trying to think he can kill the monster. Page 206: â€Å"[†¦] the monster whom I had created, the miserable demon whom I had sent abroad into the world for my destruction. I was possessed by a maddening rage when I thought of him, and desired and ardently prayed that I might have him within my grasp to wreak a great and signal revenge on his cursed head.† All quotes from Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein

Beggars should be abolished Essay

‘Beggars should be abolished: for it is annoying to give to them and it is annoying not to give to them.’ Said Friedrich Nietzsche. In simple terms beggary is a state of extreme poverty but now a days it has become a profession for most of the people. Those 15 seconds, when you’re anxiously waiting for the red signal that is just about to turn green- a small child comes up to your car sticking his face in the window as hard as he can to make himself seen, or holding consumer goods, like tissue packets, biscuits, combs etc. asks you to buy something from him. Sometimes, they run to your front windscreen and start wiping the windscreen with water looking so dirty as if it was an algae habitat. Or sometimes, they just come to you selling their prayers for minimal change. And the ordinary man, thinking that he can do a good deed for the day takes out a shiny 5 rupee coin or a ten rupee note, and hands it over to that child. Of course not all beggars can be professiona l therefore there are some valid causes that cause such issue to be raised in our society. The causes can be classified as economical, social, religious or other. Economically talking about beggary people have no sufficient means to support themselves and their families or rather they are unemployed or under employed. Socially, the breakups and disorganization of families who are surrounded with poverty leads to increase in beggary. Many of the beggars migrate to different countries because of what they see in their elders and therefore they even follow this as a profession. Many of the beggars are physically disabled or mentally disabled and due to this they have to move towards this way of living. Among other reasons may be mentioned those who are forced to beg. There are persons upon whom beggary is enforced. There are orphans that are sometimes deliberately maimed in order that their guardians or some other persons may earn their living. Many normal parents also trade on their children’s illness using these as sources of supplementary income.. Whether walking down the busy streets of Zam Zama Karachi, or the congested lanes of Sadar Lahore, there is a common feature that highlights the weakness of the atmosphere- beggary. There is no surprise in seeing a man of nearly sixty with a crooked back pointing out like a lever, which sets on the art of begging on one side and hardship on the other. Beggary is one of the most crucial problems that overspread the streets of Pakistan. Appalling statistics show that amongst the 180 million  citizens of Pakistan, 25 million are professional beggars, meaning that beggary is the main source of income for these individuals. Not only our country but in Japan and India even the walls are lined with the sleeping homeless, snoring through their beards on a bed of cardboard. According to a survey Beggar Children earn 200 or 250 rupees per day and handover entire money to the Mafia (Which works for this profession) and that Mafia keep a big chunk of earning and leave minimum amount with to these children to take home. This Mafia is taking more benefits of the Street Begging. The Mafia also makes sure that the beggar children are addicted to street-life. Slightly older children are given drugs and intoxicants, permitted to enter places where drugs are sold, incited to beg or borrow and exposed to sedatives. Many rescued beggar children narrate horrific stories about forcible chopping off of limbs. According to certain special investigations by the media, in countries like India, many well qualified doctors are also shamelessly involved in this business and aid the Beggar Mafia. Some other unfortunate young children are â€Å"bought† by the Beggar Mafia from relatives or custodians who cannot afford to keep them or simply do not want them. These chil dren are first brutally beaten, burnt and starved for days in order to make them look miserable and then sent to the streets to beg because â€Å"A hungry stomach has no faith.† In any phenomenon there are effects , the effects of street begging that visitors will take fallacy about the country and they will never come again , also this phenomenon assimilates negative prescription and shadow about the country another effect brining rank and file alien to the country because the beggars didn’t have any parchment or witness from schools and they refuge to begs so that effect on national development , In addition the crimes will increase and the stealing will increase also these are some of the consequences or effects . There are plenty of ways of ensuring that your money is spent on finding real solutions to homelessness and drug and alcohol addiction. Support local homelessness charities that are working with people in need. You can make a donation or offer up your time as a volunteer. Finally, we are not asking you to just ‘walk on by’. By all means engage street homeless people in conversation, even buy them a cup of tea or food. But ple ase don’t give them money. Your kindness could kill. But people like you and I who are fooled by their emotional blackmailing tactics. We want to help and make a difference  in their lives, but we are discouraged by their dishonesty and it is hard to gauge who is sincere and who isn’t. I have come to understand that ‘professional’ beggars are not needy, they are greedy! Ask any one of them to work instead of begging, and you’re met with deadly stares and rude remarks that shake the ground you’re standing on. Request them to leave you, and the knocking on your car’s window gets vengeful and even more persistent. Some even fire choice cuss words at you, while warning you that they will pray for you and your family’s demise. Well, begging cannot be removed overnight. It requires time, patience and wise leadership. All the governments of respective countries have to take note of all these things and then formulate a plan to eradicate beggars instead of compensating them with money. It is always better to show them how to earn money by working instead of feeding them free and social awareness about this subject has to be created or else this problem will only grow.

Martin Luther Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Martin Luther - Essay Example He expressed his concerns regarding papacy in the interpretation of scriptures. After being ordered to recant his ninety-five theses on papacy, he was engaged in a meeting that resulted into his excommunication from the church. However, this was not the end of Luther in the revolution of religion. Luther’s efforts in interpretation of scriptures brought revolution to Christianity that is appreciated by many Christians to this date1. Luther contributed massively to the development of the German language by interpreting the Bible into German language. He believed that translation of the Bible into other languages would help people understand the scriptures better. The translation of the Bible into German can be considered a milestone in the interpretation of scriptures. The translation of the Bible into different world languages as evident in the modern religion can be attributed to Luther’s efforts. Moreover, the growth of the German language is also attributed Luther’s efforts in the translation of the Bible to German. The massive spread of German language in Europe can also be attributed to the brave efforts by Luther to enable people understand religion in their own language. Luther was a controversial figure but influential at the same time. He is credited for the revolution of Christianity. He fractured the Roman Catholic Church and set a new direction of Christianity. The development of protestant churches began from his arguments. The current freedom in Christianity roots back to Luther’s time and efforts. His theological approaches changed the relationship between religious leaders and their followers. His prominence came at a time when there was high tension between the central powers of Europe and different principalities. Religion was used to control almost every aspect of people’s lives. The awakening of people on the state of religion at the time is still significant to this day. He was able to convince people on the

Inflation in Zimbabwe Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Inflation in Zimbabwe - Essay Example These are permanent dollarization, joining the Common Monetary Area membership, usage of its dollar as the only legal tender and employment of variable regimes. However, in its conclusion and recommendation, the brief singles out joining of the CMA as the best choice for Zimbabwe to permanently curb its inflation. Situation brief When Zimbabwe attained independence in 1980, its dollar’s worth averaged $1.25 (Kramarenko et al. 2010). Over time, inflation rose steadily under the presidency of Robert Mugabe until towards the end of the 1990s when the confiscation of land from White settlers had negatively affected food production (Coomer & Gstraunthaler 2011). With the seizing of these commercial farms, foreign investors fled away leading to halting of manufacturing and reducing the supply of foreign currency needed for importation of goods. Tax revenue also reduced drastically. In order to ensure that the government funded its debts, the Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe increased its pr inting of currency causing a rise in inflation to triple digits as of 2001. ... Wines (2006) referred to this as one of the world’s highest inflation. As of July 2008, Zimbabwe was suffering a high inflation at 231 million percent per year. President Robert Mugabe employed various strategies so as to bring this inflation into control. The economy was turned over to the president’s closest allies in the National Security Council. Intelligence officers and loyal army officers were used in controlling key functions including tax collection and food security. Key supporters of the president had their salaries increased drastically to cushion them from the effects of the inflation with the central bank printing more notes. This instead led to hyperinflation due to the circulation of too many worthless Zimbabwean dollars. By November 2005, the inflation stood at 400% which edged in January 2006 to over 600% (Wines 2006). By June 2008, this was at 11.2 million percent per year and kept increasing in the subsequent months to over 231 million percent in 200 8 (Berger 2008). In January 2009, the 100 trillion Zimbabwean dollar note worth $30 was introduced into the circulation (Pindiriri 2012). The US dollar exchanged for Z$180 officially but fetched Z$8,000 in the black market. This was further worsened by the deadlock that existed between the Zanu-PF party of Robert Mugabe and the Movement for Democratic Change, the opposition. The closest Zimbabwe came to finding a solution was with the dollarization in February 2009 where authorities allowed for trade with five different currencies, though the US dollar became the principal (Pindiriri 2012). The use of the Zimbabwean dollar was discontinued. But this was considered as a short term measure that would not give a permanent solution to the problem of inflation in Zimbabwe. Therefore, the

Contract law coursework Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Contract law coursework - Essay Example when this would involve forcing a contract upon an unwilling party,†3 nevertheless, since Jerry &Co has commenced performing the terms through construction, they are deemed to have accepted the contract4 with the additional provisions inserted by Mrs. Lowrie. When the record of a transaction is contained in a document – oral evidence is excludedas in this case, the parol evidence rule has generally excluded oral evidence, so parties are bound by the writing alone5. However oral representations made by Jerry& Co have induced Lowrie to enter into the contract.6 Most importantly, it must be noted that as per Clause 5 of written contract, Jerry& Co provide no warranty on materials used in construction.7 Ans 2 (a): The document signed by Mrs Lowrie and Jerry &Co does not represent the entire agreement between the parties. For one thing, there are additional terms and provisions which are relevant in the context of the contract – which are spelt out in the standard form building contract.8 Mrs Lowrie may not have entered into the contract without the oral representations on completion time and materials.9 (b) The oral statements made on March 4th and April 3rd do not form a part of the formal written contract between the parties. However, these statements may be classed as representations – which are statements of fact made by one party that form the basis upon which the other party is induced to enter into the contract. When such statements/representations are not reduced into writing, the Court may draw the conclusion that the parties did not intended them to be contractual terms10 and therefore, an injured party may not be able to hold the other party to those representations. The important distinction between a contractual term and a representation is that while contractual terms are enforceable in the event of a dispute, representations may not be. Ans 3: If the oral statements were deemed to be representations and not contractual terms, then

R&D 5 Draft of report Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

R&D 5 Draft of report - Research Paper Example By the time, a child is two years old the parents must have at least visited more than one health care (Stern AM, 2005). For this purpose, many parents suffer searching for lots of records in form of papers while taking their children for immunization. Since the introduction of Vermont Immunization Register, all vaccinations can be consolidated into one record from all health care providers. This process is also secure and accurate especially for the parents who are taking their babies for the first immunization (Bonhoeffer J, 2007). The computer system is capable of calculating ages and provides efficient data on data history for the patient undergoing immunization. The computerized immunization systems also come with an advantage of informing parents and most patients on when is the next immunization date and process (T, 2006). This information is important especially at school and at sports facilities where students engage. This information is also important for doctors who are ch ecking on patients for their fast time as it provides all he clinical history. 8 The Vermont Immunization Registry is a computer-based system that enables participating health care practices to view accurate vaccination records in a secure manner. The practitioners will be able to access immunization history of each child from their practice and other enrolled Vermont providers. The information could normally be organized into one unified record that is up-to-date (Muzumdar JM, 2009) 8 To become part of the registry, one would require internet access and a computer in the practice. The Registry is carefully designed to ensure that patients’ confidentiality is maintained, as well as that of families and the practice. Access is strictly limited to Vermont health care providers, and a secure server having multiple levels of password protection required houses the Registry. The prospective user also ought to sign a confidentiality agreement prior the

Coccydenia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Coccydenia - Essay Example By adopting these AT devices, day-to-day activities, both professional and personal are not hampered. The article presents an insight about the AT devices for coccydenia patient to make them self reliant and confident to execute their routine tasks in a normal way. Coccydenia or coccygodynia is pain in the area of the coccyx (tailbone). It is also known as "tailbone pain", coccygeal pain, coccyx pain, coccaglia. Medically it is recognized as an inflammation of the tailbone or coccyx, a hollow region present between the buttocks. It is a discomfort or acute pain in the coccyx, this pain varies from mild to extreme. There are various factors that trigger the onset of Coccydenia, an injury or trauma to the coccyx; injury may extend to severe bruising, dislocation, fracture of the coccyx, or other factors like constant sitting posture, fall, childbirth, repetitive strain, surgery or due to journey discomfort. The reason could be any one of these but the condition is extremely painful. The pain can disappear on its own, lasting only for a short span or may require treatment if it persist for year(s) (What is Coccydenia). It is unfortunate that inspite of the fact that it is painful inflammation, common coccygodynia or Coccydenia is poorly understood. In order o understand the origin of the syndrome, along with pain in pericoccygeal soft tissue, spasm of the muscles of the pelvic floor, referred pain from the lumbar pathology, arachnoiditis of the lower sacral nerve roots, local posttraumatic lesions, somtization etc (Howorth 1959, Nelson 1991, Postacchini & Massobrio 1983, Stern 1967). It is therefore no specific reason of coccydenia has come up. In most of the reported cases it is often associated with the fall on buttocks or a delivery as precipitating event or is associated with the constant sitting position. The victims may feel pain due to movement from constant sitting to standing position. It is also reported that sufferers feel pain when sitting on a hard, unyielding surface for too long. Other aspects encompassing coccydenia are deep pain in the tailbone region, pain during bowel movements or sex and development of sensitivity to pressure on the back especially buttocks along with shooting pain moving down the leg similar to sciatica (What is coccydynia, its symptoms and cure). These aspects have enabled Maigne et al, (1992, 1994) to develop a protocol to document the painful coccyx with dynamic films and coccygeal discography. Dynamic films are characterized as X-ray films in the lateral sitting position (the painful position) and they are compared with the standard lateral roentgenograms. The percentage is more in females as compared to males due to anatomical reasons. In females the pelvis leaves the coccyx more exposed causing chronic inflammation. Gray (1973) has defined sacrococcygeal joints as thin intervertebral discs of fibrocartilage. The intercoccygeal joints are synovial infrequently. There are various speculations reported about the sacrococcygeal joint, it is disc, a synovial joint, an extensive cleft, with a frame of annual fibers or synovial cells (Maigne et al, 1992). In some patients ossification of coccyx was reported (Saluja, 1988). Coccyx depicts the flexion and extension physiological movements. Active flexion is the movement in the forward

Framework for K-12 Science Education Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Framework for K-12 Science Education - Essay Example It is evidently clear from the discussion that professional development opportunities are being offered with a view to equipping the teachers with the resources required to implement the NGSS in their classrooms. Not all teachers, however, have been able to successfully incorporate NGSS practices in their respective classrooms. It can be said that standards and performance expectations aligned with the framework should consider that students cannot completely comprehend scientific and engineering concepts without being involved in the inquiry practices and the discourses that lead to the development and modification of such ideas. This is suggestive of the state and significance of science today in the K-12 educational curriculum.Teachers should have a vast knowledge of and expertise in research methodology and must be skilled in scientific research to pave the way for authentic scientific inquiries in the classroom. The National Science Teachers Association recommends the teachers o f science to demonstrate their comprehension and understanding of the tenets, process, and assumptions underlying the different methods of inquiry related to scientific knowledge and also to encourage students’ participation in inquiries that are developmentally appropriate and that impact the need for the students to scientifically develop relationships and concepts using data, inferences and personal observations. A potential way in which teachers can acquire such knowledge and understanding is through participation in the Research Experience for Teacher (RET) programs. The purpose of RET programs is to equip the teachers with fundamental knowledge in the conduct of practical research for ongoing application in their daily experiences in the class.

Legal Environment of Business3 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Legal Environment of Business3 - Essay Example r is not liable to the student loan because it is still part of the debts he has and when he is declared bankrupt, it means that even the student loan he has cannot be paid, hence he cannot be held liable. The trustee cannot enforce the lease as written because the initial lease when it was being signed indicated that the lease cannot be assignable, so despite the present circumstance the company is in, the lease statement still holds (Morgan et al 832). The government can claim from the first filing before the bankruptcy court appointed a trustee. This will therefore entitle the government to acquire and get its due before everything is fully under the trustee to supervise liquidation. Below cost pricing is where the price for a product or service is below the initial amount paid by the seller to acquire it. It can be shown when the profitability of a company reduces but its market share is going up and it attracts more customers. Competition pricing laws apply in such a case and the company can even be closed (Morgan et al 880). Yes it is legal to merge the two companies as they will be merged under the combination merger and the shareholders of each company will be the ones to decide if they want to have their shares back or they can get new shares from the new merged company. Yes the laws would apply since they are meant to protect the citizens from fraud. Since the products will be sold even in the United States, the laws would be enforced under the private suits section of the anti-trust laws (Morgan et al

How Globalisation Complicates the Process of Business Management and Essay

How Globalisation Complicates the Process of Business Management and Yet Increases Profitability - Essay Example On the other hand, globalisation is inevitably associated with the changes in competitive dynamics, which necessitate the creation and implementation of new business strategies and lead to profound shifts in management consciousness at a global scale. How globalisation drives profitability and complicates business management in international banking is a difficult question. The current state of research into the effects and implications of globalisation for business management and profitability is rather scarce. The main goal of this research is to analyse primary and secondary information in regards to the changes in profitability and business practices as a result of globalisation and internationalisation in the banking sector. Research aims and objectives The main research question is â€Å"how globalisation complicates global banking business and yet increases overall profitability for stakeholders and promoters for global banking enterprises†. ... of globalisation on business management practices; Understand how globalisation raises profitability; Estimate the mechanisms behind globalisation, profitability, and management practices in the banking sector. Literature review The current state of research provides a wealth of information about globalisation and its implications for various economic processes. Much of what was written and said about globalisation revolves around the topic of macroeconomic policies, financial internationalisation, and the shifts in competitive dynamics. However, contemporary scholars display increased interest toward the issues of globalisation and its effects on profitability and business management in organisations. Recent studies and research findings provide useful information about how globalisation affects businesses and decision-making processes in the new, global reality. The significance of the relationship between globalisation and management practices cannot be underestimated. More often than not, globalisation in management reflects through the development and implementation of the universal global standards of professional decision-making. In this context, international accounting and financial standards are among the most frequently discussed topics in professional literature. Beke (2010) suggests that the adoption of international financial standards by firms leads to better profitability and improved quality of accounting practices and decisions in organisations. Furthermore, harmonisation and standardisation of management practices are the most regular consequences of using international financial standards by firms (Beke 2010). Ultimately, it is due to the use of international financial/ accounting standards that businesses spend less time and money managing their

Race and Racism Essay Example for Free

Race and Racism Essay In comparison to the almighty universe in which people all live in, human beings are merely a speck of dust at the size of it all. Then here are these beings on planet earth, with all 7 billion people under the same moon, divided. No longer are human equals as beings, but separate because of the system of ignorance, exploitation, and power used to oppress people on the basis of ethnicity, culture, mannerisms, and culture (Marable 1). Racism is the issue Americans have swept under the rug; the problem is being ignored, leaving cultures in the dark of their own history causing blame to be shifted on to all sorts of hosts, and it’s time to pick up the rug to dust. Society as a whole seems to have broken down what makes a person unique, dehumanizing them and leaving them susceptible to oppression (Marable 2). One must not be so quick to forget that every single human being is made up of the same genetic material, to forget something so broad is to undermine the gift of thinking itself. Manning Marable writes in Racism and Sexism that stereotypes are at the heart of every form of racism today. Racism is not a topic that sits around at the front of everybody’s brain. Racism does not twist on the tip of your tongue begging to be talked about. Racism is something that is ignored and denied. Shocking statistics from Tim Wise’s On White Privilege were discussed, stating that in 1962, 80% of white folk believed that racism was not even a problem. In the same year, 90% of white folk believed that colored children had equal education opportunities as white children. To believe that racism was not even a problem would be to say that over the 750 race riots 228 people were not actually killed, 12,741 people were not critically injured, and that the 15,000 acts of arson did not leave black urban neighborhoods in ruins, in the same year of 1962 (Postrel). White people are completely unburdened by race; where as colored people constantly feel their capabilities are always being second guessed. However, Charles M. Blow, author of Escaping Slavery, explains to the reader that apparently white people think their actions are justified! And Blow goes as far as to say that â€Å"the idea that progress toward radical harmony would or should be steady and continuous is fraying† (Blow 1). In On White Privilege, the speaker Tim Wise pointed out that white people were asked in 2009 if they believed that racial discrimination is still a problem and only 6% said ‘yes. ’ To put that into perspective: more people would believe that Elvis is still alive than to believe that racial discrimination is still a problem (Wise). Perhaps the density of the universe compromised the carrying capacity of the human brain causing a malfunction making it so the only thing people can think about is them self. Definitely not progress (Blow 2). The white system of ignorance and exploitations is causing the cultures of color to completely lose track of their own histories (Marable). People who are oppressed themselves begin to lose touch with their own traditions of history, community, love, celebrations, struggle, and change (Marable). Tim Wise reminds viewers whose history we are truly learning in school- text books are filled only with white history; people of color are forced to regurgitate white history, white literature, white art, white theater, etc. , while if a white person does not know an ounce of black history, it can go virtually unnoticed in this country (Wise). Actions speak louder than words and people seem to continue to prove their ignorance. As part of the Civil Rights Movement and an effort to create a solution to unlawful discrimination in housing based on race, color, sex, nation origin, or religion, the Fair Housing Act was passed in 1968 (Russell). Fast forward 38 years later where 2006 showed the highest level of discriminating housing complaints based on race (Wise). 38 whole years later and the only thing society can show on terms of progress is the lack of acceptance being distributed around the country. There is not enough change taking place as a country in order to move forward into truly being the United States of America; home of the Brave but we still fear what we do not know. It is always easier to accuse other forces for a problem than to admit that you are actually making the mess yourself. It has been said that if one is not a part of the solution then one is a part of the problem; however, some people are purely unburdened by race, they don’t know racism because they have never had to experience it- people are completely surrounded by and completely oblivious of the problem. Failure to talk about racism feeds the denial (Wise). The finger can be pointed in any direction, and instead of calling it â€Å"blame† the word â€Å"cause† is used instead because that is more constructive, and let’s face it, we need as much progress as we can get. However, progress seems to be unbearably intangible when Blow points out that the pillars of the institution- the fundamental devaluation of dark skin and stained justifications are for the unconscionable- have proved surprisingly resilient (Blow). The ignorance and lack of education only feeds the pillars’ strength. Completely blinded by utter fear, America seems to be in a standstill of progress towards the issue on racism. Starting with Charles Blow’s work in Escaping Slavery, down to Manning Marable’s Racism and Sexism, and what Tim Wise said in On White Privilege, it can be assumed that progress will always need to be made to bring this country closer to unity. Breaking down racial barriers and stereotypes have proven to be an especially lengthy process, however that does not justify the slothfulness of it all. Open minds and hearts is what it is going to take to shatter the structure that leaves this country divided. Word Count: 1,100 Works Cited Blow, Charles. â€Å"Escaping Slavery. † New York Times 4 January 2013. Marable, Manning. â€Å"Racism and Sexism. † Race, Class, and Gender in the United States, 5th ed. Ed. Paul Rothenberg. New York: Worth Publishers, 2001. 124-129. Pring. Wise, Tim. On White Privilege: Racism, White Denial, and the Costs of Inequality. The Media Education Foundation, 2008. DVD. Postrel, Virginia. The Consequences of the 1960s Race Riots Come Into View. The New York Times. N. p. , 30 Dec. 2004. Web. 18 Feb. 2013.

Editing Strategies Of Midnight Cowboy Film Studies Essay

Editing Strategies Of Midnight Cowboy Film Studies Essay John Schlesinger the director of Midnight Cowboy uses the use of unconventional editing strategies to tell the story about the friendship and relationship of wanna-be hustler Joe Buck and schemer Ratso Rizzo. Schlesinger breaks the many rules of continuity by using nondiegetic inserts, intercutting subjective flashbacks with real world footage, mixing of color and black and white footage, and the mixing of footage shot by a movie camera and real footage. The function of discontinuity editing in the movie allows Schlesinger to construct intricate patterns of images calculated to stimulate the viewers senses, emotions, and thinking (Bordwell, 262). The stimulation that the viewers go through helps them identify the friendship, identity, and desire for intimacy of the characters in the movie. Nondiegetic inserts involve cutting away from the scene to a metaphorical or symbolic shot that is not part of the space and time of the narrative (Bordwell, 259). Schlesingers use of nondiegetic inserts are shown in the film as Joe Bucks flashbacks which are triggered by different real world situations. The flashbacks are shown in fractured clips that tell little information to the viewer which makes it difficult for the viewer to put information together. Joes lonely youth is reflected in many series of fragmented flashbacks about his past during his trip from Texas to New York City. Once on the bus and the journey east has begun the voice of Joes grandmother is heard and scenes are shown revealing that she often cared for him as a young Joe and even had a couple intimate moments with the young boy. The brief flashbacks provide insight into Joe Bucks background; he was raised by women throughout his life because no male figure other than his grandmothers many boyfriends are apparen t which may have some contributing factor to his homosexual leanings in the film. A subjective moment on Joes bus is when it passes a water tower showing for the first time a flashback that contains Annie. The water tower shows that it says Crazy Annie Loves Joe Buck and at the same time Annies voice is heard saying do you love me and youre the only one. When Joe arrives in New York and after failing to receive any money in his first time as a hustler he meets up with Ratso who says that he has someone who can help him out in his pursuit in being a great hustler in New York. Once at the apartment Joe is being talk to by ODaniel thinking that he is talking to him about being him becoming a hustler and then is forced to kneel down and pray next to a Jesus which triggers another flashback and the scene is intercut with flashbacks of Joe remembering his boyhood experience of being baptized in a river with his grandmother. When leaving the apartment he flees the scene and runs through New York with images of real footage of the city and also vengeful images of his pursuit and attack of Ratso. Joe follows Ratso throughout the subway cars and trains but never seems to catch up to him. When running around the subway Schlesinger uses both color and black and white film stock to create an unstable sequence of scenes as if Joe is frantically re membering and thinking of many things throughout the scene. Another flashback of Joe and Annie occurs when they are pulled out of the car by a group of males that seem to know Joe and a violent series of events seem to happen and lead to the rape of both Annie and Joe. Another way that Schlesinger breaks the rules of continuity is by mixing footage from the film with real footage shot by a camera. This type of discontinuity is shown at the Warhol party that Joe Buck and Ratso attend one night in New York. At the party they use of a handheld camera is used to film what different people at the party are thinking about the world and life. The images are mixed in with film footage of the psychedelic party and also the use of sexuality in the real footage allows Joe Buck to question his sexuality to himself and really think of what he desires the most in his life at the moment. Throughout the film Midnight Cowboy by John Schlesinger the use of nondiegetic inserts, intercutting subjective flashbacks with real world footage, mixing of color and black and white footage, and the mixing of footage shot by a movie camera and real footage allow the story to be told in unconventional way which was new for its time. The nondiegetic inserts and real footage which are shown in the subjective flashbacks allow the viewer to learn more information about the character but also allows a character like Joe Buck to realize how things that happened in his past have affected him in a certain way and how it plays a role in his desires of friendship and intimacy.

Marketing Performance Metrics: Coca-cola

Marketing Performance Metrics: Coca-cola Marketing Performance Metrics Abstract The purpose of the study was to investigate the marketing performance metrics with a specific reference to Coca Cola Company and Net Marketing Contribution over the Life Cycle. The study will assist many companies in formulating strategies to be used as benchmark or the strategies to improve NMC. Marketing Performance Metrics Introduction Measuring marketing performance is an external activity that helps to understand the customer’s perception and the competitor’s position in the industry. Many organizations sets different tools to use as benchmarks so as to identify the staffs’ performance and the rate of income. ROA and ROI are the main used financial measures to measure the internal financial statues. Part 1: Discuss Three Measures of Marketing Performance Marketing metrics are the numeric data that allows the marketers to analysis their performance against the organizational objectives. The metrics help to take corrective measures in case there is a deviation between the targeted plans and the achieved performance of staffs (Neely, 2001). They have various measurement elements that includes number of produced products, net sales billed, design registrations and a research on the brands to determine to determine the brand’s awareness. Metrics makes it easy for marketers to justify their budget that is based on sales returns. Three Measures of Marketing Performance The activity-based metrics among the popular metrics used in analyzing performance. It involves statistical calculating and reporting. The main type of activity-based metrics includes tracking website visitors, downloads and attendees at the firm’s events. This approach rarely link the marketing operations to the business outcomes. Instead, the business results like the customer value, market share and adoption of a new product provides an improved correlation. The main focus of MPM is to measure aggregated efficiency and effectiveness of the marketing firm. These specific metrics have some categories that includes the marketing effect on the preference shares, the average order quantity, the rate of customer acquisition, the growth of consumer’s buying rate, business share, loyalty and net advocacy, margin, growth rate compared to market competition and the total customer engagement. MPM is also used to determine the rate at which operational efficiency and the outside performance. If Coca Cola Company decides to manage its marketing activities it uses the operations performance metrics. The firm will hire extra personnel to work as marketing finance directors and marketing operations director. Basically the marketing team will collect data about program-to-people ratios, cost-sales, awareness-to- demand rate and the rate of conversation. This metrics primarily provides the firm with different ways of rationalizing the marketing investments but this strategy fails to correlate marketing to business performance and strategy. The approach helps marketers to find out how the firm’s resources are utilized. The external performance are aligned with the firm’s outcome and helps to determine the firm’s value to its customers and the firm’s performance in relation to its competitors (Neely, 2007). If Coca Cola Company wants to determine the key performance indicator (KPI), top-down approach is the best approach to use. The first step in this approach includes making decisions that defines the scope. To come up with KPI and metrics, the marketers predicts on the likely results they are trying to influence. Asking opposite questions follows (Shaw et al, 1997), the answers help to determine the relationship between the questions and the outcome. The data that is required to answer the question is then determined. Marketers then searches for this data and determines the corrective measures to be taken. The measures undertaken aims at making it possible to achieve the goals. The organization needs to continuously monitor and analyze its marketing performance metrics. This gives the organization intelligence in competition, have a chance to assess their market weaknesses and strengths and come up with a calculated budgetary opinions through the marketing mix. This will give the organization competitive advantages over its competitors. The profits of the firm will also increase. The Major brands use return on marketing investment (ROMI), return on marketing objectives (ROMO) and the marketing return on investment (ROI) to prioritize and distribute their marketing investments. They help them to decide on the most profitable portfolio. A firm needs to analyze the ROMI, ROMO and ROI of a project for more than a year. This will protect the firm’s investigations. The method selected in monitoring the marketing process must be easy and cheap to implement. Training should be carried out to train the staffs on the best benchmark and how it is used. Staffs should take part in determining the best benchmark to use. This brings a sense of belonging and appreciation of the worker to the company and management when you nvolve them in management roles. Part 1: Analyze Metrics Used to Evaluate the Measures The above measures can be measured using the following metrics (Leroy, 2011): Correct quantity, measuring the weight, counting the units and weighing the contents are the main used types of measurement. Supplying customers with the right quality will strengthen the level of trust with your customers hence making it easy to retain them. An independent team is set aside in an organization to measure the products quantity and to make sure the customer gets what they specify in terms of size. Elasticity to respond to unanticipated demands, this refers to the ability of a firm to adjust so as to meet the current demand. A metric will be used to measure the degree of change, this makes it easy to identify the level at which the firm is flexible. Quality level, TQM is a tool to measure quality. The metrics will make sure the level of a product’s level is standardized. Controlling quality can also be done by the state authority to ensure a firm offers its customers with quality products. Firms that offer less standardized products are fined for the same. The total quality management is employed to control the quality of a good or service. The staffs who produce quality products are rewarded with gifts and appraisals. The staffs whose products are below the standard are trained and encouraged to produce quality products. Existence of accreditation or other certification, after completion of a training a firm is issued with a certificate to show its participation. The certificates act as a measure of qualification and experience attained. Customers prefer to contract a firm that has experience and is highly rated in the industry. On-time delivery can be used to measure how a firm values its customers. If a firm supplies its products on time this shows the supply chain is well managed. In a case of failed or late delivery, less care is taken on the customer and the likeliness to loss the customer is high. Part 1: Case Study that Exemplifies Best Practices of each Measure. Coca-Cola Company is an example of a company that demonstrates the best practices of the above measures. According to the company’s website they put their customers to be the king and aims at providing the best so as to retain the customers and to attract new customers. Coca-Cola Company has an independent department that deals with quality control. The unit makes sure quality is maintained through the supply chain from when raw materials are obtained from the supplier to when they are delivered to the customer. The team tests the product at each level of manufacturing to make sure the right contents and composition are used. The team is also involved in ensuring quality services are offered to the customers. They establishes feedback programs as a way to allow the customers to get back to them. The company parks its drinks in containers of different sizes. A team is established in the company to make sure only the correct quantity is supplied to the users. The team weighs at random the already packed products and in case of a deviation the whole pack is weighed and repacking is done. Customers have trust in Coca-Cola because there products are correctively packed. Elasticity to respond to unanticipated demands, the company produces its products in great volumes. The products are then stored in its outlet’s warehouse. If the demand is low the supply is kept low but if the demand changes and more of their products are demanded the firm supplies more. They have special facilities to store their products for a long period. The firm is certified and customers are confident in its products. It has been in the market for a long time hence gathering more experience on the type of products to produce. The company has learnt different ways of surviving in the market and how to win more customers. They now provide different types of soft drinks. Coca-Cola Company has set outlets all over the world. This makes it easy to meet the buyer’s order on time with no dely. Transportation of the product from their warehouse to your premises is very fast. The drinks will be transported in crates or packed in cartons to avoid breakages and maintain a deliverable state. Part 2: Short-Run Marketing Strategy Short-run marketing strategy refers to a duration of time which only few factors can be changed as there is no enough time for changing the other variables in marketing strategies. Marketing Strategy is a detailed and specific tactics that are established and designed to be used over a period of time depending on the range of the plan (Neely, 2001). Advertising and media relations strategies used by the Coca Cola Company have an effect on the net marketing contribution both in short-term and in long-term. In short-term, once the firm has decided to increase its efforts in advertisements commercial so that it reaches many people. There will be an increase in the product awareness and hence increase in the sales level. Once the sales are high the NMC will be high. In case the public fails to respond in a positive manner the firm will suffer loss as the advertisement costs will be very high compared to the income from the goods sold (Tanzania Society, 1966). In short-term a lot of advertisement will be profitable to the firm as the sales will be high. The media relation refers to how a firm uses the media including the social media to market its products. In short-run using the media will be expensive as it needs time to gain publicity. This in return will lead to a fall in NMC. Many large beverage companies like Coca Cola were late in entering the product-markets of bottled water, fruit drinks, sports drinks, iced coffee, and energy drinks due to SHORT-TERM VISION. Part2: Analyze Net Marketing Contribution in the Introductory Stage During the product introductory phase the net marketing contribution is negative as no profits are made from selling the product. The income obtained is used to cover the high costs of advertisement and promotional costs incurred. The firm incurs loss (Louw, 2012). With proper advertisement the product survives this stage and the NMC start to raise as the product has gained customers. The advertisement costs are now low. Part2: Analyze Net Marketing Contribution in the Late Growth Stage As the product moves through its lifecycle, NMC will reach the break-even point, then grow, to peak, flattens and then starts to decline due to decrease in the market demand. At the end-growth stage the NMC starts to flatten as the product is now in the market and has gained its customers. When a new substitute product is introduced into the market, many customers will shift their preference. This will lead to decrease in demand of the product causing NMC to start falling. If the firm fails to add flavors to the product it might die and overtaken by the new product (Northern Marianas College.). The graph below shows the movement of the NMC along a product lifecycle. Conclusion In conclusion we can summarize the above by saying that a firm must choose the most profitable portfolio to invest. Investment affects both the profitability and the NMC of a firm. The firm needs to understand the product cycle so that it determines the type of advertisement to use. References Neely, A. (2001). Business performance measurement: Theory and practice. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.  Ã‚   Top of Form Neely, A. D. (2007). Business performance measurement: Unifying theories and integrating practice. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Bottom of Form Shaw, R., Mazur, L., FT Retail Consumer Publishing. (1997). Marketing accountability: Improving business performance. London: FT Retail Consumer Publishing Tanzania Society. (1966). Tanzania notes and records. Dar es Salaam: Tanzania Society. Louw, A. (2012). Ambush marketing and the mega-event monopoly: How laws are abused to protect commercial rights to major sporting events. The Hague: T.M.C. Asser Press. Northern Marianas College. (n.d.). Performance report on strategic master plan implementation and assessment of institutional effectiveness. Saipan, MP: Northern Marianas College, Office of Institutional Effectiveness. Leroy, G. (2011). Designing user studies in informatics. London: Springer. Books.google.com,. (2015). isbn:1607522330 Google Search. Retrieved 8 January 2015, from https://books.google.com/books?isbn=1607522330 Electricity and Transportation: Decreasing Energy Consumption Electricity and Transportation: Decreasing Energy Consumption Consider one of these two sectors: electricity or transportation. What policies do you suggest for the sector to decrease energy consumption? What is the rebound effect associated with each of the suggested policies? How would you quantify these rebound effects so that you are certain that the suggested policy results in a net benefit? How do you evaluate the effectiveness of your suggested policy with respect to the generated rebound effect? What policies do you suggest for the sector to decrease energy consumption? In 2008, transportation accounted for 28% of the energy consumption and 33% of the CO2 emission, but a much larger 71% of the consumption of liquid fuels in the US [1]. To reduce the magnitude of energy consumption from the transportation sector and help prevent its bad effect on the environment, a proper policy must be put in place. US Congress specifies that CAFE standards must be set at the â€Å"maximum feasible level given consideration for technological feasibility, economic practicality, effect of other standards on fuel economy, and need of the nation toconserveenergy [2]. In this term paper, I would suggest combination of CAFE standards combined with carbon tax on fuel price. What is the rebound effect associated with each of the suggested policies? One advantage of CAFE standards over fuel is that the standards provide a quantitative target whose effects on energy consumption can be reasonably well predicted [1]. However, the standard has rebound effect. The rebound effect refers to the social and behavioral responses to the introduction of more energy efficiency technologies and processes by which there is a corresponding increase in energy service demands. In general, rebound is thought of as a ratio of the lost energy savings as it might compare to the total expected savings from efficiency. A comprehensive measure of rebound includes both direct and indirect effects which can occur at both the micro level (within households, businesses and organizations) and at the macro level (economy-wide effects). Direct rebound effects are those that result from an increase in the use of a device that is deemed more energy efficient. Cars provide the best examples. When a more efficient car results in an increase in vehicle miles traveled, the lost energy savings are considered to be direct rebound effects. Indirect rebound effects are those that have less direct causal chains and result from increases in consumerism (acquisitiveness) by buying new vehicle, increased vehicle production, and increased air pollution [3]. How would you quantify these rebound effects so that you are certain that the suggested policy results in a net benefit? Some studies in macro and micro economic have shown that rebound effect value range is between 0% and 100% with formulation expressed below. Value of rebound effect 0% means that the expected savings were achieved through reduced consumption, whilst 100% means that no energy savings were realized and energy efficiency program was failed. The backfire effect happen when consumption has been increased more than extent or in other word rebound effect more than 100%. It is also possible to have a negative RE, such that the energy savings are greater than originally anticipated, for behavioral or technical reasons, or both [4]. Based on the above formula, the rebound effect measurements can be made à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹directly and indirectly. Direct measurement is based on a survey of how big the success rate of the CAFE program. One study by Sorrel in 2009, the rebound effect estimation is between 10% and 30%. Meanwhile other study by Greening, Greene and Difiglio in 2010 show rebound effect for transportation below 10%. Geller and Attali study in 2005 also support this number as shown in Table 1 [5]. CAFÉ standards and fuel tax could reduce 10%-30% value range when the fuel price is taxed according to released carbon emissions. This is equal to externalities generated by fossil fuel. High fuel price with tax could suppress the rebound effect due to need of having energy efficient car. In addition, changes in behavior based on strong motivation to reduce energy consumption become appropriate step anticipating rebound effect [5]. For indirect estimation, the rebound effect with energy price elasticity is defined as the change in demand according to the decrease in price. To calculate elasticity, transportation energy use, price and income of buyer are required. It is important to know that there is limitation of the calculation since it doesn’t consider the capital outlay of the technology that would lower rebound effect [4]. Research that estimates indirect and economy-wide effects is limited. An often cited source of economy-wide rebound analysis is the National Energy Modeling System (NEMS) designed and implemented by the Energy Information Administration (EIA). Using NEMS, a scenario of accelerated technology whereby the national energy intensity is 6.5 percent lower than in the base case, produces a total energy demand that is 5 percent less (Greening 2000, citing Kydes 1997). This suggests that improved energy efficiency (part of the accelerated technology assumption) leads to an economy-wide reb ound in the order of 25 percent [6]. Many researchers suggested that RE on CAFÉ standard should be balanced with other policy. The other policy should account many factors affecting RE value and incorporate RE value into the target. The RE is not always detrimental. RE could stimulate economic growth in developing countries rather than developed ones. The rebound effect can be reduced when the CAFE standards coupled with carbon tax policy, where the price of fuel is taxed according to the carbon emissions released [7]. This is equivalent to externalities generated by fossil fuel. The key of rebound effect is the behavior of driver tends to driver more because of fuel saving car. The carbon tax would increase the price and make consumers drive less [8]. It is important to realize that all taxes can be invested to public transportation. Energy efficiency get from each car and energy efficiency resulted from mass transit can be benefit to reduce overall consumption. At the same time, public transportation will reduce private vehicles. How do you evaluate the effectiveness of your suggested policy with respect to the generated rebound effect? The rebound effect can be evaluated based on the percentage of the success rate of the policy. Direct rebound effect could be seen directly from the increased mile travelled or increased sales of the vehicles. Indirect rebound effect or wide economy effect can be seen from the increase in the gross domestic product (GDP) and an increase in private income in the transportation sector. Moreover, the success of this policy can be observed by comparing the desired CO2 reduction with the actual result during the policy implementation period. If there is a difference of more than the desired decrease, it means that the rebound effect takes place [9]. The evaluation of the rebound effect also works indirectly as a result of the additional energy demand for the energy efficient equipment or services. For example; the energy cost saving may be used by the producers to increase the output, thereby increasing consumption of the capital, labor and materials, all of which require energy. Another example is that energy efficiency and reduction in energy costs may disproportionately reduce the cost of energy-intensive goods and services, encouraging consumers to disproportionately increase their demand for such products and services [3]. The combination between the fuel standard and the Carbon tax with the encouragement of public transportation will anticipate the rebound effect and specifically reduce the energy consumption in transportation. In addition, the policy will reduce the GHG emission. The small rebound effect could not reduce the order of magnitude from the reduced energy consumption that give more benefit compared with the rebound itself. References http://www.rff.org/Documents/Features/NEPI/RFF-BCK-Small-AutoPolicies.pdf http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corporate_Average_Fuel_Economy http://www.aceee.org/files/proceedings/2010/data/papers/2142.pdf http://www.erc.uct.ac.za/Research/publications/10-Davis_Rebound_effect.pdf http://eng.sut.ac.th/transportenergy/data/paper4web/Energy%20policy%20in%20transport%20and%20transport%20policy.pdf http://policyintegrity.org/files/publications/The_Rebound_Effect.pdf http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0301421509005187 http://www.gao.gov/new.items/d07921.pdf http://www.unternehmenssteuertag.de/fileadmin/user_upload/Redaktion/[emailprotected]/Projektpartner_Ergebnisse/macroeconomicRebound.pdf http://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/conf_proceedings/2009/RAND_CF256.pdf http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_tax http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vehicle_miles_traveled_tax http://aida.econ.yale.edu/~nordhaus/homepage/documents/small_dender_rebound.pdf Appendix

How Industrial Revolution Made Life Easier :: essays research papers

How Industrial Revolution Made Life Easier It would just be unbearable to think that life would be better without the Industrial Revolution. All the inventions that were invented back then are used all the time. The three inventions which are the camera, the light bulb and the locomotive have greatly changed society. Without the light bulb, you couldn’t see at night, you wouldn’t be able to take pictures of anything for memories if the camera wasn’t invented and without the train there would be one less easier way to travel. Without the light bulb, you couldn’t see at night. Thomas Edison invented the light bulb mainly to make it for home use. The light bulb was made to create light that would last for a long time and that could be used anywhere. In today’s society, people use the bulbs in their homes to light up their whole house including their fridge. It just makes it easier to see anywhere whenever it’s the daytime or night time. â€Å"Edison's eventual achievement was inventing not just an incandescent electric light, but also an electric lighting system that contained all the elements necessary to make the incandescent light practical, safe, and economical.† Before it was created, human beings had to use fire and now you’re able to just turn the light switch on and you automatically have whatever lighted. You wouldn’t be able to take pictures of anything for memories if the camera wasn’t invented. Louis Daguerre invented the first camera just to capture things for memory. The camera was invented to capture a picture of anything you wanted to save as a memory. In today’s world, people use the camera during many special occasions to remember that specific day. It helps a lot because so many people can enjoy or see what an occasion was like even if they weren’t there by looking at the pictures. â€Å"The daguerreotype, aptly called a ‘mirror with a memory’, was an amazing development, and one cannot but marvel at the intricacy of the detail.† Before it was made, people didn’t really struggle without since they didn’t even use anything that could capture scenes. Without the train there would one less easier way to travel. George Stephenson first attempted to create the first locomotive since others who tried failed. The locomotive was invented to try and succeed in an invention but lead to more better things.

Euthanasia Essay: The Hemlock Society and Assisted Suicide

Hemlock Society, Euthanasia and Assisted Suicide Dori Zook, Hemlock Society public relations director, claims that Hemlock supports legalization of physician- assisted death only in cases of terminal illness. And Hemlock's website asserts that the Society favors physician-assisted suicide strictly for someone "who is already in the dying process." But there is a glaring discrepancy between this official stance and what prominent members of Hemlock have said and done. For example, there is this little gem from Hemlock co-founder Derek Humphry's book, Final Exit: "What can those of us who sympathize with a justified suicide by a handicapped person do to help? When we have statutes on the books permitting lawful physician aid-in-dying for the terminally ill, I believe that along with this reform there will come a more tolerant attitude to the other exceptional cases." Or take the actions of Hemlock leaders in the case of Elizabeth Bouvia. Writing about the Bouvia case, Humphrey expressed Hemlock's support of the right to voluntary euthanasia for "a person terminally ill, or severely handicapped and deteriorating...." Hemlock Quarterly 14 (1984). But Ms Bouvia was not "deteriorating." Cerebral palsy is not degenerative. The open-ended term "deteriorating" can be made to mean almost anything in order to justify a disabled person's suicide. Bouvia's lawyers, led by Richard Scott, another co-founder of Hemlock, distorted the nature of her disability, likening her to a terminal patient. "Were Plaintiff Bouvia an 84-year-old woman whose life was prolonged solely by various tubes and numerous machines," they argued in the Riverside Superior Court, "and she sought to end such an existence, it is doubtf... ...rejudice against people with disabilities, they must publicly denounce Jack Kevorkian's bigotry. The statements and actions noted above are neither stray, nor taken out of context. RTD leaders, time after time, have demonstrated the same willingness to promote this final "solution" to the problems of people with disabilities. Taken together, these words and deeds mark a clear and consistent pattern of promoting assisted suicide for people with disabilities. Why, then do RTD leaders now claim to advocate a narrower application of assisted suicide? Perhaps they tailor their message depending on the immediate political climate and who they think is listening. For the benefit of all of us who are listening, we call on Hemlock, its leaders, and allies to come forward with boldness and honesty to clearly state their complete agenda.

Biometrics :: essays research papers

Biometrics   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Biometrics is â€Å"a branch of biology that studies biological phenomena and observations by means of statistical analysis† (Dictionary.com WordNet  ® 2.0,  © 2003 Princeton University). In other words Biometrics is the study of the human body natural identification, now a days corporations use biometrics instead of a simple code. Also police and other federal and worldwide associations use biometrics to stop criminals and to keep track of where criminals are and who they really are. Biometrics has been around for hundreds upon hundreds of years, from when the Chinese first used it to identify children with footprints, to the more advanced salinity recognition that has been developed for today. The use of Biometrics and the technologies that have come from it has made security much more advanced, but it’s getting to the point that maybe even the technology of Biometrics is intruding our privacy.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  One of the first known cases of humans using biometrics to identify one another was by early Chinese merchants. Joao Barros, wrote that the Chinese merchants used the first noted form of biometrics by stamping children’s palm and footprints on paper with ink. By doing this, the Chinese solved a way to tell apart young children from one another. This is one of the earlier of not the first noted case of the use of Biometrics; it is still used today when children are born. Though biometrics has been used throughout the world it never became a popular practice until a man named Alphonse Bertillion decided to fix the problem of identifying convicted criminals. The problem with identifying criminals that were captured again was that the criminals often gave different aliases each time they were arrested. This would keep them from receiving the larger sentence for being a repeat offender. He realized that even if a criminal changed his name, cut his hair or put on weight, certain elements of the body wouldn’t change. This led him to form a method of measuring the more noticeable parts of a person’s body, the parts of the body that never changed during their life such as the size of the skull or the length of their fingers. This system was called anthropometrical signalment and was very basic in its accomplishment. Whenever a person was arrested they were sent through a series of tests that recorded the length and distinguishable marks of thei r bodies. This was all recorded on a card and filed away in groups with similar test results.

What is an educated Filipino Essay

The conception of education and of what an educated man is varies in response to fundamental changes in the details and aims of society. In our country and during this transition stage in our national life, what are the qualities which an educated man should possess? Great changes have taken place in the nature of our social life during the last forty years. The contact with Americans and their civilization has modified many of our own social customs, traditions, and practices, some for the worse and many for the better. The means of communication have improved and therefore better understanding exists among the different sections of our country. Religious freedom has developed religious tolerance in our people. The growth of public schools and the establishment of democratic institutions have developed our national consciousness both in strength and in solidarity. With this growth in national consciousness and national spirit among our people, we witness the corresponding rise of a new conception of education – the training of the individual for the duties and privileges of citizenship, not only for his own happiness and efficiency but also for national service and welfare. In the old days, education was a matter of private concern; now it is a public function, and the state not only has the duty but it has the right as well to educate every member of the community – the old as well as the young, women as well as men – not only for the good of the individual but also for the self-preservation and protection of the State itself. Our modern public school system has been established as a safeguard against the shortcomings and dangers of a democratic government and democratic institutions. In the light of social changes, we come again to the question: What qualities should distinguish the educated Filipino of today? I venture to suggest that the educated Filipino should first be distinguished by the power to do. The Oriental excels in reflective thinking; he is a philosopher. The Occidental is the doer; he manages things, men and affairs. The Filipino of today needs more of his power to translate reflection into  action. I believe that we are coming more and more to the conviction that no Filipino has the right to be considered educated unless he is prepared and ready to take an active and useful part in the work, life, and progress of our country as well as in the progress of the world. The power to do embraces the ability to produce enough to support oneself and to contribute to the economic development of the Philippines. Undoubtedly, a man may be, and often is, an efficient producer of economic goods and at the same time he may not be educated. But should we consider a man who is utterly unable to support himself and is an economic burden to the society in which he lives as educated merely because he possesses the superficial graces of culture? I hope that no one will understand me as saying that, the only sign of economic efficiency is the ability to produce material goods, for useful social participation may take the form of any of any of the valuable services rendered to society trough such institutions as the home, the school, the church and the government. The mother, for example, who prepares wholesome meals, takes good care of her children and trains them in morals and right conduct at home, renders efficient service to the country as well as the statesman or the captain of industry. I would not make the power to do the final and only test of the educated Filipino; but I believe that in our present situation, it is fundamental and basic. The educated Filipino, in the third place, must have ingrained in his speech and conduct those elements that are everywhere recognized as accompaniments of culture and morality; so that, possessing the capacity for self – entertainment and study, he may not be at the mercy of the pleasure of the senses only or a burden to himself when alone. There are, then, at least three characteristics which I believe to be the evidence of the educated Filipino – the power to do, to support himself and contribute to the wealth of our people; acquaintance with the world’s progress, especially with that of his race, people, and the community, together with love of our best ideals and traditions; and refined manners and moral conduct as well as the power of growth.

Servequal Model

SERVEQUAL MODEL (Measuring Service Quality of Hospitals in Larkana) Author 1: Sumeet Seedani (SZABIST) Contact #: 03333633233 Email: [email  protected] com Author 2: Naveed Anwar Contact number: 03562141247 Email address: [email  protected] szabist. edu. pk Table of contents: Abstract03 Introduction and04 Literature Review05 Importance07 Research Methodology08 Five Dimensions (Variables)09 Data Analysis10 Findings11 Conclusion12 Bibliography13 ABSTRACTService quality is a concept that has stimulated considerable interest and debate in the research literature because of the difficulties in both defining and measuring it. Customer satisfaction and service quality always treated together as customer’s perception and expectation, and the gap will show the result of the total satisfaction. The aim of the study is to rank the 5 dimensions of the service quality to measure the service quality of hospitals in larkana with the help of SERVEQUAL Model.This study also examines the Se rvice quality gap by measuring the gap between Hospital’s patient’s expectations and perceptions. This research shows that all the dimensions of the service are very much important for the service quality. Tangibility was rated as the most important dimension followed by assurance, reliability, responsiveness and empathy. The questionnaire used for this study was â€Å"SERVICE Quality: SERVEQUAL (Parasuraman, Zeithaml, and Berry 1986, 1988)†. The measurements used were on the basis of SERVEQUAL Model which is the best way to measure the service quality.This study state that the expectations were so much high but the perceptions are not that much strong and there is a huge gap between Patient’s Expectations and perception. Key words: Service quality, Customer satisfaction, perception and expectation, gap, Tangibility, assurance, reliability, responsiveness empathy. Introduction SERVEQUAL model is a method to measure a service quality. It was created in 198 0’s especially for the projects related to marketing to find the perception of customer regarding the service quality.In SERVEQUAL, quality is defined through the gap or space which customer got and perceive regarding the service quality. It’s very difficult to understand and measure the service quality, especially in the field of service providers in health care field and if we talk about the larkana than its more complex that’s why I choose the SERVEQUAL model to measure the service quality of Larkana hospitals and medical centers to know the effect of service quality on the customer perception.This research examines the measurement of service quality in hospitals of larkana, through the help of SERVEQUAL model to know, what are the gaps between, the service perceived and got by the customers or patients in the larkana. Service quality is all about ensuring customers, both internal and external, get what they want. Customer satisfaction is a attitude or feelin g of customer toward the service after using the service. Satisfaction and service quality is always treated together to know the perception.Satisfaction is defining customer perception and expectation, customer satisfactions is determined by defining customer perception of quality, expectation and preferences. It’s always arises a important question that why we measure the service quality? Because the measurement of service quality, is a comparison of before and after changes for the service quality. It also gives the solution of the problem for the betterment of service delivery standard.The main purpose of this research is to find the most important service quality dimensions that affect the customer satisfactions in hospitals in larkana, by using the SERVEQUAL model which is the best way to measure the service quality. Measuring the service quality is very crucial for the hospitals today, to improve the quality and image of the hospital, to study the importance and impact of service quality of hospitals on patients, to find the important dimensions of service quality which effect on customer satisfactions in hospitals and to determine customer need in their treatment in hospitals in larkana.In last few decades the importance of service quality has increased and every industries and departments are trying to find the reasons which effect the customer perception and satisfaction, and trying to give better quality that’s why this research is also very important to measure the service quality of hospitals via SERVEQUAL model. SERVEQUAL breaks service quality in five basic dimensions, Reliability, assurance, tangibles, understanding and responsiveness.So in this research these five dimensions are also considered and examine to measure the service quality and factors which effect the perception of customer towards the service quality. Literature review: This part gives you an overview of literature about the models related to the problem statement which discussed in introduction. In this we study about the concept of customer satisfaction, service quality, relation between customer satisfaction and service quality and its effect on consumer mind, traditional service quality dimensions and hospital’s service quality in order to give a clear idea about the research area.As it is discussed by Kotler (2003); there is a general agreement that: Satisfaction is a person’s feelings of pleasure or disappointment resulting from comparing a product’s perceived performance (outcome) in relation to his or her expectations. Based on this review, customer satisfaction is defined as the result of a cognitive and addictive evaluation, where some comparison standard is compared to the actually perceived performance.Furthermore, Omachonu (1990); stated that Health care quality has been posited to consist of two parts: quality in fact and quality as perceived by the consumer. Means how actually customer perceived the service quality and how its experience during the availing of the service, and every customer having its own perception. Another side it is argued that satisfaction is associated with performance that fulfils the expectation, while dissatisfaction occurs when performance falls below the expectation (Swan and combs 1976).This review based that when the service quality meet the customer expectation they satisfy and when service quality doesn’t meet with the customer expectation they got dissatisfied and they never avail that service, means there is a huge relation between the service quality on customer perception, because when customer once satisfy from the service quality he/she again avail that service because he make his mind set about that particular industry.Health care practitioners would contend that service quality is a provision of appropriate and technically sound care that produces the desire affect; however it has been misperceive their patient’s perception sometim es (McAlexander et al 1994).Means the service providers in hospital industry always trying to introduce new technologies to give the good service quality to their patients to change their mind and perception and to satisfy them by meet their expectation but sometimes some patients misperceive it and take it in a another side which is a loss for the hospitals, that’s why it is always difficult to measure the service quality specially in the field of hospital industry but it’s important for every department and industry now. As Dr. K.Ravichandran et al (2010) defining that every retail industries are consequently directing their strategies towards increasing service quality level which fosters customer satisfaction and loyalty improved service quality. He further discussed that; increase in service quality in retail industry can develop customer satisfaction which ultimately retains valued customer. It review stated that in today’s era its very much important for any organization or any industry to increase service quality and do work according the customer expectation than any organization can got success in business world and through this a organization can retail the oyal and valuable customer. James H. mcAlexendar (1994) discussed in his research that marketer generally view the service quality from the perspective of health care customers because marketers understand that patients perception of service quality may be more broadly constructed than those of the health care provider and based upon a more holistic assessment of the health care experience. Because patient’s perspective regarding service quality may include perception of technical care but also seemingly peripheral concerns as physical facilities, interactions with receptionists and even brochures.It argued by the Kekale (2001) that it is some how the measurement of customer dissatisfaction and offers a possibility for the elimination of falls, not a possibility for pr oduct development and product innovation. Companies should gather and analyze the suitable data, which will provide relevant information to real customer satisfaction. It is important to measure the right things, i. e. what is really important for the Customers. There is the possibility of wrong specifications or misinterpretations of what a customer actually wants.Means the gap between what companies think and what actually customer wants can also affect the service quality. It is not always be true that performance will equal to expectation as described in International journal of nursing studies (2007) that performance was relatively lower than expectations, resulting in poor nursing care quality. Differences between expectations and performance for both patients and nurses need to be further reduced. As its also discussed by the Tolgo taner et al (1997) that there is different service quality provided in private and public sector.He further discussed that inpatients in the priva te hospital were more satisfied with service quality than those in public hospitals. The result also suggest that patients in private hospitals were more satisfied with doctors, nuerses and supportive than their counterparts in public hospitals. One research suggest that customers are reluctant to complain when dissatisfied with professional and when they dissatisfied they tell to more customers means it become the word of mouth. Andreasen et al 1985). This result could be the health care professional would bear the burden of having dissatisfied patients, including negative word of mouth and patient turn over. IMPORTANCE of the Research: A good research is effective tool for reader and for a society for many positive changes in the environment. Especially, if we talk about the service oriented organization than we come to know that the base for their success is that they study well about their customers.So this research is helpful to know that how much there is a gap between the cus tomer perception and expectation and how much they get satisfied after availing the service of hospitals located in the larkana. This study is especially design to measure the service quality of hospitals in the Larkana. This research is also important study for to know that which are the drawbacks in private hospital sector and are customers (patients) are satisfied or not? This study is important for doctors to know that what patients want from them and how some changes can improve their quality for their customers.METHODOLOGY DESIGN RESEARCH TYPE * This Research is based on exploratory format and it is developed from qualitative point of view. METHODS AND TECHNIQUES: * I distribute the Questionnaire to the respondents to know their views. * I used the SERVEQUAL model format for my Research, because it’s the best way to measure the service quality and I have use the licart scale in the options of the questions. * Questioner consists of 22 statements about perception and 22 statements about the expectations. * The questions are based on 5 dimensions: * Tangibility, assurance, reliability, responsiveness empathy.SAMPLE AND SAMPLE SIZE * I have chosen random sampling for data collection method, and sample size is 100. POPULATION AND RESPONDENTS * As research is based on the service quality of hospitals so I choose private hospital and center’s patients of Larkana as my population. I will mainly focus on the patients of different hospitals and centers located in larkana. STATISTICAL PROCESSING OF INFORMATION * The data which is collected have been analyzed in SPSS software for further results and findings, to measure the gap between expectation and perception of the patients.Five dimensions of the SERVEQUAL Model Data Analysis: Reliability test: Expectation Perception Reliability Statistics| Cronbach's Alpha| N of Items| .555| 22| Reliability Statistics| Cronbach's Alpha| N of Items| .917| 22| This is the reliability test of SERVEQUAL Model for ho spitals in larkana. If we look around the expectation side the reliability value is 0. 555, and the value of perception is 0. 917. Means there is high reliability at perception side. So the overall questioners are effective.Descriptive Analysis: Statistics Expectation| | tangible| reliable| responsiveness| Assurance| empathy| N| Valid| 100| 100| 100| 100| 99| | Missing| 1| 1| 1| 1| 2| Mean| 6. 31| 6. 16| 6. 37| 6. 75| 6. 34| Median| 6. 25| 6. 20| 6. 50| 6. 50| 6. 40| Mode| 7| 7| 7| 7| 7| Std. Deviation| . 550| . 618| . 661| 2. 570| . 687| Statistics Perception| | tangibileavg| reliabilityavg| responsivnessavg| assuranceavg| emphathyavg| N| Valid| 100| 100| 100| 100| 100| | Missing| 0| 0| 0| 0| 0| Mean| 4. 16| 4. 58| 4. 07| 4. 2500| 4. 1600| Median| 4. 00| 4. 60| 4. 00| 4. 000| 4. 2000| Mode| 4| 5| 4| 4. 50| 4. 00| Std. Deviation| 1. 229| 1. 107| 1. 147| 1. 15142| 1. 14486| Above two tables are showing the mean, median, mode and standard deviation of expectation and perception. The r esults clearly shows that the overall expectations are high than the perception, if we look to the values of mean at the expectation side is about 6 in all the variables but at the perception side it is about 4. So there is a still huge gap which shows that still there are people who are dis-satisfied from the services of Hospitals in Larkana.Same wise the median has averagely value is about 6. 5 in all the variables but at expectation side it is only 4. 5. Expectation side mode has value 7 in all the values but when it comes to perception it is only 4. Standard deviation also shows the huge difference between expectation of the customers and the service the perceived. These results clearly shows that there is still a gap which shows that the overall service quality of hospitals are not match or fulfill the expectations of the customers, that the main reason of increase rate of dissatisfied customers.The results also show that in assurance (knowledge and courtesy of employees and th eir ability to convey trust and confidence) people have more expectation but they perceived less in the Hospital’s of larkana. So we can finaly conclude that results are clearly showing the gap between the expectation and perception, which is huge gap. Conclusion & achievement Service quality is always a big topic to debate, because it’s difficult to understand and measure the service quality.We can simply define a service quality with the help of people expectation and perception about a certain field. As much as the gap is high the service quality is negative, but if there is a low gap or expectation and perception are equal it means there is a good service quality. This study is also done for the purpose to find and measure the service quality of hospitals in the larkana, with the help of SERVEQUAL Model, which is the worldwide best way to measure the SERVICE quality.The main purpose of conducted this study is to know the overall performance of the private hospitals . Because it’s very necessary that customer should be satisfied from the services than they can become the loyal with that particular industry or company. After conducting this research we come to know that there is still a huge gap between the expectations of the patients and the perception that they have perceived from the hospital, so it clearly shows the performance of hospitals in larkana.The other main drawback is that hospital’s are not understanding the basically needs of the customer, they shouldn’t provide them those services effectively which customer want from them. So we can conclude that maintain the service quality is very necessary for every organization especially in the field of medical, but in Larkana after doing the research we come to know that still there is a huge gap between expectation and perception and the overall services of hospitals are not up to that level and still they need to improve a lot to satisfy their customers (Patients).B IBLIOGRAPHY http://www. serviceperformance. com/articles/33_Five_Service_Dimensions. php http://www. proserv. nu/Docs/Servqual. pdf http://eprints. utm. my/9514/1/SeyedHosseinSiadatMFSKSM2008. pdf http://www. fm-kp. si/zalozba/ISSN/1854-4231/5_195-209. pdf http://www. journal-archieves14. webs. com/1397-1408. pdf http://www. eurojournals. com/IBBA_11_10. pdf

PlayStation 3 Case †Planning and Strategy Essay

There is very little Sony can do to turn around the sales of the PlayStation 3. It has been nearly six years since its launch, the full lifetime of most gaming consoles. While the Nintendo Wii and Micrsoft Xbox360 have drastically lowered their prices to move existing stock, Sony has only dropped their price in the last 2 years. Now priced at $300, the PS3 is still over $100 more expensive than the competitors. At this point in time, it would be wise for Sony to discontinue the manufacture the sale of the PS3 and focus on its next game console. Sony’s strategic approach to new product development has always been to be a market leader in new, innovative technology. This approach has brought them huge success, but also some notable failures. For instance, the Sony Betamax, which was introduced in 1975, was supposed to be a direct competitor to VHS. It provided higher quality images, but did not offer the longer playtime of VHS. Sony stubbornly refused to change its format for eight years, but eventually switched over to the far more popular and cheaper VHS. Despite this notable failure, the Sony Walkman was one of its greatest successes, with 100 million units sold within its first decade. The key success factors in the video gaming industry today are content, price, availability, and compatibility. These have remained factors since consoles first began emerging in the late 70s. For gamers around the world â€Å"Content is King. † It doesn’t matter how crisp and beautiful the quality of the images if there are only fifteen games, which, coincidently was the number of games with which the PS3 launched. Gamers who rushed out to buy the PS3 quickly realized that the limited number of games made the PS3 little more than an expensive TV attachment. Sony tried to counter this by touting the Blu-Ray capability of the PS3, but gamers weren’t interested in watching movies on their PS3, they wanted to play new games. Another factor in the success in video gaming is the price. At $600, the PS3 was, and still is, the most expensive gaming console ever sold. While the original PlayStation and the PS2 were priced at $299, the PS3 nearly priced itself out of the market. With the Xbox and Wii selling for around $300, the ludicrously expensive PS3 couldn’t possibly hope to live up to the expectations its price was promising. When gamers realized that the PS3 was not better than the Xbox in gaming quality, they quickly rushed back to stores to return them. By 2007, more PS3s were being returned than were being sold. The last two factors in video gaming success, availability and compatibility, are also weaknesses in the launch of the PS3. Initially Sony planning on manufacturing one million consoles. On November 7, 2006, North American retailers had fewer than 200,000 units. By the time retailers had enough units to meet demand; gamers had begun to return their units at an alarming rate. With compatibility, the PS3 initially promised backwards compatibility with the PS2 games. This seemed to vary per unit, with some units, like the upgraded unit being able to play Sony Platform games like Final Fantasy, but the base model not being able to play any PS2 games. The launch of the PS3 was one of the largest in video gaming history. Sony spent over $150 million in advertising that aimed to convince gamers to hold off purchasing an Xbox 360 and wait for the PS3. IN 2006, they developed the slogan â€Å"Play Beyond† for the Electronic Entertaiment Expo . Unfortunately, people soon because spoofing the slogan and replacing it with â€Å"Pay Beyond,† protesting the high cost of the console. The competitive advantage of the PS3 was supposed to be in its superior gaming quality. IT was supposed to be the most advanced, the most practical and the most visually stunning video game platform in history. The PS3 promised free online play, Blu-Ray capability, online surfing ability, and using the PS3 for pictures, videos and music storage. The weaknesses in the PlayStation3 were numerous. There were only 15 games available initially, of which, only about five were interesting to avid gamers. The video quality was equal to the much cheaper Xbox360. The free online play had limited and fairly useless content. The online surfing was cumbersome and useless for users who already owned computers. This was also true of the music, video, and picture storage, which customers could already use on their computers or even their iPods. With their limited initial availability, and spotty backwards compatibility, the PS3 was too much money for too little content. When compared with the marketing program of the Nintendo Wii, the PS3 seemed to target the avid gamer. Traditionally men aged 15-35; these men were interested in serious gaming. They want high quality content and high quality visuals. The Nintendo Wii chose another market, the family. While the PS3 touted its amazing video quality, the Wii emphasized fun and togetherness. They offered fun games for multiple players of all ages who could enjoy the physical activity of using the Wii controller. They put of silly, colorful, low-resolution games at a reasonable price or bundled in with new Wii consoles. Nintendo also had the advantage of two major game legacies, Mario and Zelda, which had been favorites of serious gamers and children alike. While Wii was selling fun, the PS3 was selling serious. Families were much more willing to buy a Wii that the whole family could use for less than $400, than spend over $600 on a gaming system that did not offer a range of games for all ages.

Paul Rand’s Works in Relation to the New York School Essay

One of the most influential figures in American graphic design who had the exploration on the formal expressions of the European avant-garde art movements and had the development on only one of its kind and predominantly American graphic style which has the characteristics of being simple, witty and problem-solving rational approaches is Paul Rand. His major influences are on design consultation and of course in developing identity systems and logos for most important corporations such as IBM, Westinghouse, United Parcel Service, American Broadcasting Co. and NeXt Computer. Due to his revolutionary novelty in design, typography and graphic design Paul Rand’s works were easily recognized during the early twenties. His prominence in advocacy of employing a wide diversity of techniques such as typography, painting, collage, photography, and montage create a mixture of elements in production of a unique and modern visual image in his works in posters, magazine cover designs or corporate logo or identity design (Logo Designers 2007). As with the informal group of American poets, painters, dancers and musicians who were active during 1950s to 1960s in New York City which is called the New York School, it was synonymous with the abstract expressionist painting. They drew inspiration from Surrealism which features elements of surprise and unexpected juxtapositions also with the contemporary avant-garde movements considering by some to be a hallmark of modernism. Paul Rand was able to synchronize different techniques in different designs coming up innovation and excellence. With his typography, having the elements of balance, uniformity and equilibrium of spacing, he had successfully merged modern typography and nineteenth-century engravings presenting both visual and technical content. For a creation to be aesthetically appealing, Paul Rand never forgets the most common element which is simplicity. He was not afraid to break away from the conventional standards of typography and layout during the 1940s and used Swiss style in incorporating designs into his creations and experimented with other designs such as Cubism, Constructivism, the Bahaus, De Stijl and other modes of modern art with integration of different modes of art and styles into American visual culture. Like the New York School, Paul Rand’s attempt to be rebellious on the techniques and contemporary designs for his creations paved way to more accepting and recognizing designs. He became the standards in creating corporate logos having modernity, simplicity and ease of recognition. By pushing the boundaries to get the acceptance of being the norm or the status quo, principally in the cultural dominion works that are innovative or experimental will have a great response and effect to art, culture and politics. It does not basically focus on art but also with the other factors and considerations around the environment. Being philosophical, politically and socially aware made the New York School and Paul Rand as great contributors not just in the world of art and visuals but also with the total concern they had manifested in their works and what they had left for us. It is best to understand different techniques and take risks to make the most out of them. But what is most important is the fact that these techniques come from conventional and modern ideologies concerning different issues that are facing the community and the society itself. Paul Rand and the New York School link modernism and contemporary ideas.